| 摘要: | 本論文主要論述是我國與中國大陸之警察組織法制之探討，其首章為諸論，其次闡述本文之研究動機、研究目的、研究方法、研究範圍及其預期之結果之架構。
第二章則為介紹警察之意義與行政組織法之概論，而警察之概念常隨著時空背景及各國之政治、經濟、文化習俗及法律之制度等種種因素而有不同之概念與意義，另行政組織法之概論，則為闡述行政組織與行政組織法之意義暨行政組織法之構成要素與作用法區分之意義，並引用大法官釋字第五三五號及五七○號理由書中說明，組織法與作用法區分之實義主要是破除有組織即有作用授權之不正確觀念。
第三章是論述中國大陸現行警察組織法制面，從其現代警察制度之建設至警察法制發展沿革有不同之時期，如自初創期之1927年至發展期之1975年，並於鄧小平重掌政權後，方逐項建立法律制度。
另闡述中國大陸警察任務與其職責，可依中華人民共和國人民警察法第2條第1項及第6條可知其警務任務與職責，而職責上其公安部大致上設有之19個職能司(局)和政治部(4個局級機構)為其單位，而中央與地方警察機關內部單位之設置，均以其公安部所設置之職能司(局)和政治部為其對應單位，而中國大陸較為特殊是為武裝警察部隊，並論述其設置人民武裝警察法有其國家之必要性及其內容，同時論述其警銜制度之介紹、等級、標誌及其管理之方式。
第四章則是介紹我國現行之警察組織法制面，從警察任務之主要任務與輔助任務之區分說明起，並論述現行警察組織法所規範之現況，如中央警察組織法規中，內政部警政署之內部單位及所署機關之編制與職責，及地方警察機關法規面之闡述，最後論述我國自101年1月1日起內政部警政署組織調整後之主要內容，並視調整後是否更符合中央行政組織基準法之精神。
第五章則是本論文之結論，根據上述之研究將兩岸警察組織法之特性，依其警察任務方面及組織法制方面作簡單比較，並從中可知中國大陸之人民警察較具有政治性之任務，且併具有階級專制之工具性質，與我國之警察任務與組織有迴然之差異，會有如此之差異，應係歸因於政治與經濟環境之不同所造成。
This thesis discusses the legal system of police organizations of mainland China and the Republic of China. The first chapter is summary; and describes the motivation, research objectives, research methods, research scope, and expected results.
The second chapter describes the meaning of police and Administrative Organization Law. The concept of police often changes with the space, time, political, economic, cultural practices, and the legal system of various countries. Besides, explains the meaning of the Organic Law and Chief Executive Organization Act of the distinction between elements of the meaning and effect of law. I also quote J.Y.Interpretation No.535 and No. 580, the Organizational Law and function are to break the incorrect authorization concept in the organization.
The third chapter discusses the legal system of the current police organization in China; from its construction of the modern police system to the Police History of legal development. For example, it starts of 1927 to 1975, and it builds a legal system after the return to power of Deng Xiaoping.
I also elaborate the task and authority in police of Mainland China, based on the Republic of People's Police Law Article 2, paragraph 1 and 6, show that the police roles and responsibilities. Duties of the Ministry of Public Security in general have 19 functional departments (Bureau) and DPA (4 bureau level institutions) for their units. Central and local police set up within the unit, are set by the Ministry of Public Security of the functions of the department (bureau) and its counterparts. The special part of China Continental is setting Armed Police. I also describes the necessity and content of their Armed Police, discussed the introduction of its rank system, grade, signs and management methods.
The fourth chapter is to introduce our current legal system of police organizations in R.O.C. I start from the main task of the police tasks and distinguish from the secondary tasks. Then I discuss the current police organization regulated of laws and regulations, such as the Central Police Organization, and the National Police Administration internal units and the preparation of the authority and responsibilities of the Department. Finally I describe major contents of the adjustment in National Police Administration Organization from January 1, 2012, and discuss whether it is more adjusted consistent with the spirit of Central Administrative Organization Standards Law.
The Fifth Chapter is conclusion. The study compares the characteristics of cross-strait police organization law, and its mandate and organization of the police to make a simple comparison rule of law. We know that the police in Mainland China have more political nature of the task, and have the tools authoritarian nature. The task of the police contingent and organizations back the difference, such a difference should be attributed to the conditions of the different political and economic conditions. |
