| 摘要: | 摘要
都市是人類社會關係的表現形式，不只表現於建築設施與空間環境的組合，其組成由政治組織、防禦設施、經濟架構、交通關系、集中了大量人口，些許的分工互動的變化，形成與鄉村對比的都市。產業演化是形容產業所處的特定演化階段。依據雷德．弗農（Raymond Vernon）「產品生命週期理論」描述產業演化過程分為萌芽期、成長期、成熟期、衰退期；由於都市產生的文化亦有四個階段，而後，台灣的都市從工業轉型為地方文化產業成為了第五個時期，所謂的再發展期，這五個時期，同時也是產生不同形式的都市空間結構。
有鑑於此，我們可知都市空間結構發展與產業變化間有密不可分的關聯性，本研究將著重於產業演化的過程對於都市空間結構的互為關係，探討產業演化各階段都市空間結構的形式。故本研究將以鶯歌區為研究對象，透過個案研究探討地方文化產業的演化過程，了解個案由前清時期至現代的都市空間結構形式的變化。
本研究結果包括：（1）透過文獻資料的蒐集、整理及分析，彙整出都市空間結構的產業區位影響因素。包括交通、勞工、市場、成本、土地及政策等六項。（2）藉由個案研究，探討鶯歌各時間階段中之產業演化對都市空間結構確有影響。（3）藉由個案研究歸納產業演化理論對都市空間結構之影響，彙整出各時間階段之主要影響因素。
本研究發現：（1）萌芽期影響因素為生活、交通、原料。都市機能主要為生活機能與農業機能，（2）成長期影響因素為交通、原料、技術引進。都市機能主要為居住機能與商業機能，製造業機能逐漸成形。（3）成熟期影響因素為交通、原料、政府政策鼓勵。都市機能主要為居住機能、商業機能與製造業機能。（4）衰退期（轉型期）影響因素為政府政策鼓勵、政府政策、交通與產業轉型。都市機能主要為居住機能、商業機能與觀光機能。（5）再發展期影響因素為使用者需求、政府政策、交通。都市機能為商業機能與觀光機能，而製造業機能已逐漸變為精緻化商業機能，都市整體則轉型為觀光機能。
關鍵字：區位理論、產業演化理論、地方文化產業、都市空間結構
Abstract
A city is the form that people display the various relationships among our society, reflecting on the combination of constructions and space environments. It is composed of political organizations, defense facilities, economic frameworks, traffic relationships, and massive people. In contrast to a village, the differences in the division of labor and the interaction create a city. “Industrial Evolution” describes the specific evolutional phases in an industry. According to the “Product Life Cycle” proposed by Raymond Vernon, the evolutional process of an industry could be divided into the introduction stage, the growth stage, the maturity stage, and the decline stage. There are also four phases in a city culture. And the fifth stage, which is called “redevelopment”, refers to the transition that the cities in Taiwan changed from the heavy industries to the local cultural industries. These five stages brought the city in different spatial structural facets.
In view of this, we all know there is close and inseparable relation between the spatial structural development of a city and the transition of its industry. This research focused on the interactive relationship between the industrial transitional process and the spatial structure of a city, discussing the spatial structural appearance at each stage of the industrial evolution. Therefore, Yingge District was taken as the research subject and case study was adopted to investigate the evolutional process of the local cultural industries. In this way, the spatial structure of Yingge shifting from Ching dynasty to the present day was examined and analyzed.
This research results are listed as below:
(1)By collecting, compiling, and analyzing the literature, the industrial factors regarding the spatial structure of a city were inferred and concluded - the traffics, the labors, the markets, the costs, the lands, and the policies;
(2)By case study, we could say that the transition at each stage of industrial evolution surely influenced the spatial structure of Yingge; and
(3)The effects of industrial evolving theory on the spatial structure of Yingge were concluded by case study, sorting out the main factors at each stage.
This research also found that:
(1) The factors in introduction stage are life, traffics, and materials. The urban functions are living functions and agricultural functions;
(2) The factors in growth stage are traffics, materials, and technologies. The urban functions are residential functions and business functions. Besides, manufacturing functions form gradually;
(3) The factors in maturity stage are traffics, materials, and encouragements from government policies. The urban functions are residential functions, business functions, and manufacturing functions;
(4) The factors in decline stage (transitional stage) are encouragements from government policies, government policies, traffics, and industrial transitions. The urban functions are residential functions, business functions, and traveling functions; and
(5) The factors in redevelopment stage are users’ demands, government policies, and traffics. The urban functions are business functions and traveling functions. In addition, manufacturing functions turn into exquisite business functions degree by degree and the whole city changes into traveling functions.
Key word: Niche Theory, Industrial Evolution Theory, Local Cultural Industries,
Urban Spatial Structure |
