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    請使用永久網址來引用或連結此文件: https://irlib.pccu.edu.tw/handle/987654321/20195


    題名: 新竹市成年婦女體型意識與瘦身行為之研究
    作者: 林美惠
    貢獻者: 生活應用科學研究所碩士在職專班
    關鍵詞: 成年婦女
    體型意識
    瘦身行為
    日期: 2010
    上傳時間: 2011-11-07 12:14:37 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 二十一世紀是個追求美麗與健康的時代，於是全球興起一股女性「瘦即是美」的風潮，使得許多女性對自我「體型意識」的認知產生偏差，為達纖細的理想體型，可能採取各種不利健康的「瘦身行為」，進而危害身心健康。是故，本研究以新竹市成年婦女為研究對象，進行體型意識與瘦身行為之研究，期望透過本研究能促使社會大眾對婦女的瘦身行為有進一步之瞭解。
    本研究採「調查法」，以新竹市 20 至 69 歲的成年婦女為研究對象，正式施測樣本為 500 份，實得有效樣本 458 份，有效回收率為 91.6 %。研究工具包含「個人背景資料調查表」、「體型意識量表」以及「瘦身行為量表」。所得資料分別以：次數分配、百分比、平均數、標準差、單一樣本 t 檢定、獨立樣本 t 檢定、單因子變異數分析、雪費事後檢定、卡方分析、皮爾森積差相關及邏輯斯迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析。本研究的結論如下：
    一、新竹市成年婦女「體型意識」及「瘦身行為」之現況
    1.受試者之整體「體型意識」看法略傾向於正向、積極。其中，受試者在「外表取向」層面，對自我外表在意及重視程度為最高；而以對「身體各部份滿意度」層面為最低，尤其是體重。
    2.受試者有「瘦身經驗」者佔八成二；在「瘦身目的」方面，有七成三對自我身材不滿意；在「瘦身意向」方面，未來有瘦身意願者佔六成。
    3.受試者在「瘦身方法」方面，以「飲食控制」為最多數，其次為：「規律運動」、「自行購買瘦身產品」；而在「瘦身方法意向」方面，以「飲食控制」為最多數，其次為：「規律運動」、「自行購買保健食品」。
    二、不同「個人背景因素」在「體型意識」之差異情形
    1.受試者之「體型意識」會因「年齡」、「教育程度」、「平均月收入」及「BMI 值」之不同而有顯著差異；其中，受試者「年齡」愈輕、「教育程度」愈高、「平均月收入」愈高，則對「體型意識」之看法較為正向、積極，受試者之「BMI 值」愈高，則對「體型意識」之看法較為負向、消極。
    三、不同「個人背景因素」在「瘦身行為」之差異情形
    1.受試者之「瘦身經驗」會因「年齡」、「教育程度」、「婚姻狀況」、「婚姻滿意度」及「BMI 值」之不同而有顯著差異存在；其中，以「30～39歲」、「專科或大學畢業」、「離婚」、「婚姻滿意度愈低」及「BMI 值愈高」者之「瘦身經驗」較高。
    2.受試者之「瘦身意向」會因「年齡」、「教育程度」、「平均月收入」、「婚姻狀況」、「婚姻滿意度」及「BMI 值」之不同而有顯著差異存在；其中，以「20～39歲」、「專科或大學畢業」、「未婚」、「婚姻滿意度愈低」及「BMI 值愈高」者之「瘦身意向」較高。
    四、新竹市成年婦女「體型意識」及「瘦身行為」之差異情形
    1.受試者對自我「外表取向」愈在意、對「外表評估」愈差、對「體重關注」愈高、自我「體重評量」愈重及對「身體各部位滿意度」愈低，則其「瘦身經驗」及「瘦身意向」會愈高。
    五、新竹市成年婦女「個人背景因素」、「體型意識」對「瘦身行為」之預測情形
    1.受試者之「個人背景因素」對「瘦身經驗」的預測因素包括：「60～69歲」、「50～59歲」、「研究所畢業」、「肥胖」及「體重過重」共五項因素，能有效預測受試者之「瘦身經驗」。其中，受試者年齡為「50～69歲較20～29歲」、教育程度為「研究所畢業較國小畢業」，其「瘦身經驗」可能性較低；而BMI 值分組在「肥胖較體重過輕」及「體重過重較體重過輕」，其「瘦身經驗」可能性較高。
    2.受試者之「個人背景因素」對「瘦身意向」的預測因素包括：「40～49歲」、「50～59歲」及「60～69歲」共三項因素，能有效預測受試者之「瘦身意向」。其中，受試者年齡為「40～69歲較20～29歲」，其「瘦身意向」可能性較低。
    3.受試者之「體型意識」對「瘦身經驗」的預測因素包括：「體型意識」之「外表取向」、「外表評估」、「體重關注」及「體重評量」等四層面，能有效預測受試者之「瘦身經驗」。其中，受試者愈重視自我外表、對外表評價愈差、對體重愈關注、自覺體重過重，則其「瘦身經驗」可能性愈高。
    4.受試者之「體型意識」對「瘦身意向」的預測因素僅「體型意識」之「體重關注」層面，能有效預測受試者之「瘦身意向」。其中，受試者對「體重關注」愈高，則其「瘦身意向」可能性愈高。
    5.受試者之「個人背景因素」、「體型意識」對「瘦身經驗」的預測因素包括：「體型意識」之「外表取向」、「外表評估」、「體重關注」及「體重評量」等四層面，能有效預測受試者的「瘦身經驗」。其中，受試者愈重視自我外表、對外表評價愈差、對體重愈關注、自覺體重過重，則其「瘦身經驗」可能性愈高。
    6.受試者之「個人背景因素」、「體型意識」對「瘦身意向」的預測因素僅「體型意識」之「體重關注」層面，能有效預測受試者的「瘦身意向」。其中，受試者對「體重關注」愈高，則其「瘦身意向」可能性愈高。
    根據本研究之發現與結論，建議新竹市成年婦女宜養成良好飲食行為，建立規律運動與天天量體重之好習慣；重視自我外表的程度，宜適當而非過度，並以較健康正向的態度面對自我的體型，以免造成心理的壓力；從事瘦身行為時，宜慎選瘦身方法，並向專業人員請益，加強瘦身相關知識，以免對身心造成危害；掌握身體自主權，規劃瘦身課程，宜積極依循健康飲食原則，以達理想之體態；並且建立正確體型意識認知，培養樂觀的人生觀及積極的生活態度。
    再者，建議瘦身相關醫療機構，宜傳達正確瘦身論述，建立消費者正確瘦身認知；瘦身課程設計宜多樣化，以吸引瘦身者的注意，減少乏味及無力感的產生。此外，建議相關主管機關，宜從教育著手，推展「健康即是美」的觀念，建立正確體型意識；加強取締誇大不實的瘦身廣告及販售品質低劣甚至造成傷害之產品，並公告正確瘦身資訊及合法藥物，以確保消費者之安全。

    The 21st century is an era of pursuing beauty and health, so a trend that “slimness equals to beauty” rises among the women worldwide. As a result, many women have a wrong cognition to the self body image. In order to achieve the ideal slim image, they may take various weight loss behaviors, which are harm to the health, and may further affect the mental and physical health. For this reason, this study takes the adult women of Hsin-Chu City as the subjects to conduct research of body image and weight loss behaviors, hoping the public will have a better understanding to the weight loss behaviors of the women through this study.
    This study, based on survey method, takes the adult women of Hsin-Chu City from 20 to 69 years old as the subjects. The formal samples are 500, while 458 valid samples are obtained, with the return ratio as 91.6 %. The study tools include the Investigation Form of Personal Background Information, the Scale of Body Image, and the Scale of Weight Loss Behaviors. The obtained data are then analyzed by the statistics methods, including frequency distribution, percentage, mean, standard deviation, one sample t-test, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé method, Chi-square distribution, Pearson’s product-moment correlation and Logistic regression analysis. The conclusions of this study are as follows:
    Ⅰ. Current situation of the body image and weight loss behaviors of Hsin-Chu adult women
    1. The overall body image of the subjects tends to be positive and active, in which the subjects care and emphasize the self appearance under the dimension of appearance orientation most, and emphasize the dimension of body areas satisfaction least, especially the weight.
    2. 82% of the subjects have the weight loss experience. In terms of the weight loss purpose, 73% are unsatisfactory to their own figure. In terms of the weight loss intention, 60% may lose weight in the future.
    3. In terms of the weight loss methods, most of them takes diet control, followed by regular exercise and buying weight loss products. While in terms of the intention of the weight loss methods, most are diet control, followed by regular exercise and buying weight loss products.
    Ⅱ. The difference of body image under different personal background factors
    1. The body image of the subjects shows significant difference in different age, education level, average monthly income and BMI value. Those with younger age, higher education level and higher average monthly income will get more positive and active opinion to the body image, while those with higher BMI value will get relatively negative and passive opinions to the body image.
    Ⅲ. The difference of weight loss behaviors under different personal background factors
    1. The weight loss experience of the subjects shows significant difference in different age, education level, marital status, marriage satisfaction and BMI value, in which those who are from 30 to 39 years old, graduating from college or university, divorced, with lower satisfaction to the marriage and higher BMI value, have more weight loss experience.
    2. The weight loss intention of the subjects shows significant difference in different age, education level, average monthly income, marital status, marriage satisfaction and BMI value, in which those who are from 20 to 39 years old, graduating from college or university, unmarried, with lower satisfaction to the marriage and higher BMI value, have higher weight loss intention.
    Ⅳ. The difference of body image and weight loss behaviors among Hsin-Chu adult women
    1. The subjects with higher emphasis to the self appearance orientation, lower appearance evaluation, higher weight concern, higher self weight evaluation and lower body areas satisfaction, will have higher weight loss experience and weight loss intention.
    Ⅴ. Prediction of the personal background factors and body image of Hsin-Chu adult women to the weight loss behaviors
    1. The prediction factors of the subjects’ personal background factors to the weight loss experience include the following five items:「60～69 years old」, 「50～59 years old」,「graduating from graduate school」, 「obesity」and「over weight」, which can effectively predict their weight loss experience. Those of 50~69 years old and graduating from the graduate school are less likely to have weight loss experience than those of 20~29 years old and graduating from elementary school. Moreover, if grouped by BMI value, the subjects of obesity and over weight are more likely to have weight loss experience than those of under weight.
    2. The prediction factors of the subjects’ personal background factors to the weight loss intention include the following three items:「40～49 years old」,「50～59 years old」and「60～69 years old」, which can effectively predict their weight loss intention. Those of 40~69 years old are less likely to have weight loss intention than those of 20~29 years old.
    3. The prediction factors of the subjects’ body image to the weight loss experience include the following four dimensions: appearance orientation, appearance evaluation, weight concern and weight evaluation, which can effectively predict their weight loss experience. Those who emphasize the self appearance more, have lower evaluation to the appearance, concern the weight more and think they are over weighted more, are more likely to have weight loss experience.
    4. The prediction factor of the subjects’ body image to the weight loss intention is only the weight concern dimension under the body image, which can effectively predict their weight loss intention. Those with higher weight concern are more likely to have weight loss intention.
    5. The prediction factors of the subjects’ personal background factors and body image to the weight loss experience include the following four dimensions: appearance orientation, appearance evaluation, weight concern and weight evaluation, which can effectively predict their weight loss experience. Those who emphasize the self appearance more, have lower evaluation to the appearance, concern the weight more and think they are over weighted more, are more likely to have weight loss experience.
    6. The prediction factor of the subjects’ personal background factors and body image to the weight loss intention is only the weight concern dimension under the body image, which can effectively predict their weight loss intention. Those with higher weight concern are more likely to have weight loss intention.
    According to the findings and conclusions of this study, it is suggested that the adult women of Hsin-Chu City should cultivate good diet behaviors and good habits of regular exercise and measuring weight every day. The self appearance should be emphasized in a proper degree, but not over emphasized. Moreover, they should face the self image with a health and positive attitude, so as to avoid the mental stress. When conducting weight loss behaviors, it’s better to cautiously select the weight loss methods and ask for advice from experts to strengthen the weight loss related knowledge, so as to prevent the mental and physical harms. Hold the body self-autonomy right, plan the weight loss courses should, and then actively follow the health diet rules, so as to achieve the ideal figure. Furthermore, establish the right body image cognition and cultivate the optimistic life values and active living attitude.
    Besides, the medical organizations related to weight loss are suggested to convey the right weight loss presentation and establish correct weight loss cognition for the consumers. The weight loss course designs should be diversified to attract the attention of the consumers and reduce the boring and passive feelings. Finally, the related administrative agencies are suggested to promote the perspective that “health equals to the beauty” by instruction, so as to establish the right body image; at the meantime, enhance canceling the exaggerated and fake weight loss advertisements and the products of bad quality and even can cause harm, and announce the right weigh loss information and legal drugs, so as to ensure the safety of the consumers.
    顯示於類別:[生活應用科學系暨生活應用科學研究所] 博碩士論文

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