| 摘要: | 目的：探討不同型態運動員進行高強度無氧運動後對血壓及自律神經調控之影響。方法：以田徑選手（耐力組）、柔道選手（爆發力組）、游泳選手（水上組）及一般大學生（控制組）各12名為受試對象，四組受試者均進行一次Wingate 30秒無氧運動測驗，並於運動測驗前、後測量安靜心跳率、血壓及自律神經數值採集，所得數據以SPSS for Windows 18.0版本統計套裝軟體進行分析，使用獨立樣本單因子變異數分析四組無氧能力、疲勞指數及運動前之各項基準值；依據同質性考驗結果分別以混合設計二因子變異數分析，分析血壓及低高頻功率比，再以LSD進行事後比較，以無母數統計分析心跳、低頻、高頻及總功率，以 = .05為顯著水準。結果：一、四組受試者運動前、後之血壓均無顯著差異（p >.05）；二、柔道選手運動前與運動後心跳率則顯著高於田徑與游泳選手（p <.05）；三、自律神經調控方面，田徑與游泳選手運動前、後之低頻顯著低於柔道選手（p <.05），高頻則是顯著高於柔道選手（p <.05）。游泳選手運動前總功率顯著高於柔道選手（p <.05），運動後總功率則是田徑與游泳選手顯著高於柔道選手（p <.05）；四、Wingate 30秒無氧踏車測驗部份，游泳選手之無氧能力顯著低於田徑與柔道選手（p <.05）。結論：柔道選手運動前、後之心跳率及低頻功率均顯著高於田徑及游泳選手，顯示無氧運動項目之柔道選手之交感神經活性較其他兩組運動員高。
Purpose: To investigate the effects of high-intensity anaerobic exercise on blood pressure, autonomic nervous system regulation among athletes of different sports. Method: Subjects who were divided into four groups in terms of diversely specific sports, with an equal number of subjects (N=12) in each group (track and field athletes as endurance group, judo athletes as power group, swimmers as aquatic group, and general college students as control group) consented to participate in the study. All of subjects took a Wingate 30-s anaerobic power test. There were three events in pre-test and post-test including resting heart rate, blood pressure, autonomic nervous system regulation. The analysis used the SPSS statistic software package for windows 18.0th edition. One-way ANOVA, independent samples was used to compare the anaerobic ability of 4 groups, index of fatigue and all tests at baseline of pre-test. Mixed two-way ANOVA was utilized to examine the blood pressure and the rate between lower and higher frequency. Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) test was used for post hoc analysis. Nonparametric statistics was to analyze the heart rate, lower frequency, higher frequency, and total power. The significant difference was set at = .05. Results: First of all, no significant main effect for blood pressure among four groups in pre-test and post-test than other two groups (p >.05). After and before high-intensity anaerobic exercises, Judo athletes had significantly higher heart rate than track and field and swimming athletes groups (p <.05) were found. Third, in the case of autonomic nervous system regulation, the track and field and swimming athletes groups showed that the low-frequency was significantly lower than Judo athletes group（p <.05）before and after performing the test, but higher in higher frequency （p <.05）. The results of total power revealed that the swimming athletes group was significantly higher than Judo athletes group（p <.05）before training. However, both of track and field and swimming athletes groups were higher than Judo athletes group after training（p <.05）. Fourth, track and field athletes performed better than Judo athletes and swimmers in Wingate 30-s anaerobic test (p <.05). Conclusion: After and before the implementation of the high-intensity anaerobic exercise, Judo athletes had higher heart rate and low-frequency than track and field and swimming athletes. Finally, Judo athletes had superior activation to other two groups in autonomic nervous system regulation. |
