| 摘要: | 本文以植物圖像在西洋繪畫中的表現意涵及方式作為探討的主軸，並透過克林姆、慕夏、克利及卡蘿等4位19世紀末、20世紀初的著名畫家之作品，來發掘植物圖像在畫面中的作用。
筆者透過植物紋飾、圖像的轉變及發展，去探詢畫面中所隱喻的象徵及裝飾性。植物紋飾經過埃及、波斯等近東文化的結合，再經歷希臘藝術與伊斯蘭文化的洗禮，植物紋飾面貌更加蛻變，且充滿了生命的韻律及美感的裝飾性，接著在藝術受宗教限制時積極地擴大發展著。植物圖像隨著文藝復興的人文主義、自然主義、浪漫主義的興起，以及人們對藝術的欣賞及需求，使原本當作說明圖片的植物學美術轉向、拓展成一門藝術，為西方花卉畫埋下一個伏筆，並在17世紀時的荷蘭大放光彩。
植物圖像的意涵來自於原始宗教、神話及民間的傳說。它是一則故事、一種文化，也是一種生命或孕育生命的所在，並且在我們生活當中被廣泛地使用著。透過藝術不同的形式將意念與訊息轉化成象徵性的符號，值得一提的是，它竟能跨越語言文字的隔閡將訊息完整地傳達出去。植物圖像所乘載的意義，是藝術家們善用的自我繪畫語言，運用它為藝術家的創作理念發聲，使觀者更容易瞭解形式下所蘊藏的意涵。19世紀末、20世紀初的4位著名大師克林姆、慕夏、克利及卡蘿等，運用其各自不同的表現方式，巧妙地將植物圖像融合在創作裡，畫面中的炫麗色彩、細膩造型以及符號化的線條等，都讓觀者看到不同以往的繪畫呈現方式。植物圖像從畫面裡的隱晦、含蓄之象徵性演變至今已成為藝術家情感抒發的代言人。
The main theme of this study is to investigate the symbolic meaning and expression of plant images in Western painting through the masterpieces of four renowned artists in the late 19th and early 20th century: Gustav Klimt (1862-1918), Alfons Maria Mucha (1860-1939), Paul Klee (1879-1940), and Frida Kahlo (1907-1954).
Through the understanding of plant motifs, and image transform and development to explore the metaphorical symbolization and decoration in the appearance of pictures. With the influence of near eastern cultures, blending with Hellenistic art and Islamic culture, the appearance of plant motifs change, fill with the rhythm of life and aesthetic decoration, and expand when Art was restricted by religion. With the rise of Renaissance humanism, humanitarianism, and Romanticism, and of people’s need to art appreciation, the plant images transform into a real Art from botanical drawings with descriptions and play a role in western floral paintings, especially in the Netherlands in the 17th century.
The symbolic meaning of plant images come from primitive religion, myths and tales. It is a story, a culture, a life or a place to cultivate, and is utilized by us in our daily lives. The intentionally managed symbols by artists can break the barriers of languages and deliver messages. The four artists integrate the plant images in their works through their own creative and unique ways that contain exquisite shapes, symbolic lines or mixture of vivid colors, etc. That enables the plant images evolve into the expression of artists’ emotion, affection and feelings. |
