| 摘要: | 近年來隨著資訊通信科技（Information and Communication Technology, ICT）快速成長與發展，除了改善現有設備的品質與提升相關技術的應用，更希望能廣泛、大量的運用在建築空間與生活環境中，提供人性化與高品質的使用空間。
建築物生命週期所排放的二氧化碳氣體佔總體排放量的三分之一，建築物的長壽命化成為節能減碳的最重要議題，人類賴以維生的居住空間，近年來更是以「永續建築」的概念做為建築規劃設計的主軸。重視生態、環保、減廢的「綠建築」與強調安全、健康、便利、節能的「智慧建築」成為永續建築的最佳詮釋。一般新建建物較容易以綠建築的設計理念以及導入智慧化設施技術達成建物的永續化，然而面對大多數的既有建築，如何也能朝向安全、健康、便利與節能的永續方向發展，政府近年來以補助或獎勵的方式鼓勵公有及民間既有建築導入智慧化的設施，提升住宅的品質，使其達到安全、健康、便利與節能的目標。
本研究以內政部建築研究所97與98年度既有建築物智慧化改善示範工作計畫之案例所申請導入智慧化指標及手法的資料進行彙整與統計分析結果顯示，在永續節能、安全監控、便利舒適、健康照護四大指標項目中，既有建築智慧化以永續節能指標項目為最多，主要是因為學校與辦公類建築使用人數較為繁多流動量也較大，能源消耗上比其他使用類型建築都來得高，且既有建築透過「節能管理」規劃佈建導入數位化電表與排程供電監控管理系統、透過綜合佈線更新老舊管線迴路，更能確實延長建築的生命週期。
透過調查訪談與分析，在建築智慧化所投入之成本效益顯示，以永續節能來說，建築耗能電費每年有4%的效益；而既有建築在節省電量(用電度數)以及CO2排放量與新建一棟建築比較分析，更有將近40%的效益，若以經濟成本估算將有龐大的實質效益；醫療養護單位導入健康照護智慧化，提供了減少人事成本消耗的效益，未來隨著醫療照護軟體的進步更新，將能提供更多的服務效益。在安全監控、便利舒適指標分析顯示，導入智慧化安全監控手法在管理效益上，確實可以縮短緊急應變程序並減少建築與人身安全事故發生率65%~90%；以建築使用規模分析，可以得知在同項目下導入成本相近時，智慧化效益將受到使用規模的影響。此外，調查訪談分析各類型建築導入智慧化後，在使用滿意度均感到滿意，因此可知建築導入智慧化營運管理不只能提供實質效益，也給予使用者正面的影響，相信對於未來使用者選擇及廠商開發在建築智慧化上能提供一項有利的參考之依據。
In recent years, with the information and communications technology (Information and Communication Technology, ICT) rapid growth and development, in addition to improving the quality of existing equipment and upgrading of related technology,hope can be widely, a lot of use in the construction space and living environment,provide user-friendly and high quality use of space.
Building life-cycle emissions of CO2 gas emissions, accounting for one third of the overall, long-life buildings reduce carbon emissions have become the most important issues, human depended on living space, in recent years more on a "permanent continue building "concept as a construction planning and design of the spindle. Attention to ecological, environmental protection, waste reduction, "green building" with an emphasis on safety, health, convenience, energy-efficient "smart buildings" to become the best interpretation of sustainable building. New buildings generally easier to green building design and technology into intelligent infrastructure to reach the sustainability of buildings, but the face of most of the existing buildings, how can towards the safety, health, convenience and energy sustainable direction Government subsidies or incentives in recent years, the way to encourage public and private existing buildings into the wisdom of the facilities, to enhance the quality of housing to meet safety, health, convenience and energy saving targets.
In this study, Building Research Institute Ministry of the Interior both buildings 97 and 98 year demonstration project to improve the intelligence of the application ofimported cases of indicators and methods of intelligent data archive and statisticalanalysis showed that in the sustainable energy conservation, security monitoring ,convenient and comfortable, the four indicators of health care projects, the wisdomof existing buildings to a maximum of sustainable energy indicators project, mainly because of school and office number is more like building with a large range ofvolume flow, energy use than other type of construction are more high, and existing buildings through the "energy management" plan to build into the digital distributionand scheduling power meter monitoring and management system, updated throughthe old pipeline loop cabling, better indeed to extend the building life cycle.
Through interviews and survey analysis, the wisdom of the investment in the construction of cost-effective display to sustainable energy, the electricity building energy consumption efficiency of 4% per year; and existing buildings in the savingpower (electrical degrees), and CO2 emissions of a building with a comparative analysis of new, more nearly 40% of the benefits, if we will have a huge economiccost estimates tangible benefits; medical maintenance units into the wisdom ofhealth care, to reduce personnel costs to provide the benefits of consumption, withthe future the progress of health care software update will provide more servicesbenefits. In the security monitoring, convenient and comfortable indicator analysis,methods into intelligent security monitoring in the management effectiveness, can actually reduce the emergency procedures and personal safety and reduce construction accident rate of 65% to 90%; to use scale analysis of the construction, you can get know the cost of similar import, under the same project, the intelligent use of the scale of benefits will be affected. In addition, analysis ofsurvey interviews with various types of buildings into intelligent, in the use ofsatisfaction were satisfied, so we can see into the wisdom of building operation and management does not only provide real benefits, but also give users a positive impact, I believe the future for users to choose and manufacturers to develop the building on the wisdom of providing a basis for a favorable reference. |
