| 摘要: | 「生物多樣性」雖然是用來測量生物系統的健康程度，但一些學者已經將類似「多樣性」的概念應用在監測複雜的都市活動與都市永續發展方面。在1920年美國企圖以理性單一的規劃方式(土地單一管制使用分區)來降低發展的衝擊，但單一的規劃方式失去了多樣性活動的導入，造成了都市郊區化與我們所說的依賴汽車發展的都市，不單擴大了市區的面積、消耗更多的能源，還衍生出空氣汙染、環境治安、品質降低等問題。後來許多規劃師與研究者都依至認為，土地混合使用(多樣性的其中一種)與減少交通旅次、都市永續發展有密切相關。在台灣雖然土地混合使用議題在居住環境品質、土地混合使用相容性、交通旅次模式已有相關研究，但針對土地混合使用組成模式的研究卻很少見。本研究主要目的是探討土地混合使用中鄰里活動多樣性模式，經由台北市北投區的實地勘查、居民的問卷訪談和利用地理資訊系統來呈現當地商業與服務設施的組成。
統計分析將當地五個市場以及十七個鄰里單元為分析基礎，結果發現(活動)多樣性越高的鄰里其所呈現的交通距離越短(不包含工作距離)。以市場導向為主的服務性質行業如便利商店、餐館、麵包店、中藥行、健康食品店、鞋店、小說漫畫出租店、幼稚園、相館、診所和郵局等，其分佈都較鄰近市場也是居民日常生活不可缺少的行業類別。市場導向行業類別多樣性越高，交通距離也就越低。如果規劃者能夠重新調整土地使用計畫和分區管制條例與獎勵支持，它極有可能促進用腳踏車或步行的方式來代替汽車的使用將減少能源的消耗，因而使都市朝向永續發展。
While “Biodiversity” is used to measure the health of biological systems, some scholars have applied a similar concept of “diversity” to monitor the complexity of urban activities and urban sustainability. In 1920s, the result of adopting exclusive zoning ordinances by the U.S. has accelerated suburbanization and made what we call automobile dependent city, which in turn expands urban area, consumes more energy, and deteriorates air quality. Later, many planners and researchers believe that promotion of mixing land uses (part of diversity) is strongly associated with reduction of travels and helps for urban sustainability. In Taiwan, although the subject of “mixed land uses” has been studied for determining land-use compatibility, residential environmental quality, and mode used for travel, very few researches were able to look into the composition of mixing land uses. Through field surveying, interviewing and questionnaire survey of the residents in Beitou district in Taipei and Geographic Information Systems for laying out the businesses and services, this research aims to expose the underlying mixture/diversity of neighborhood activities in terms of places.
The statistical analyses based on 5 local market places and 17 neighborhoods unveil that the more the diversity of the neighborhood, the shorter the travel distance exclusive working trip. The Market Oriented Businesses or Services such as grocery stores, restaurants, bakeries, Chinese herb stores, healthy food stores, shoe’s shops, real estate agents, internet service centers, cartoon and video rental stores, kindergartens, photo shops, clinics, and post offices are close to the local market places and they are essential to resident daily life. The more the diversity of market oriented businesses or services, the more the shorter the travel trips. If planners are able to re-arrange the land use plan with the incentive and zoning ordinance support, it is very likely that the shift of promotion of cycling or pedestrian trips substituted for automobile usages will reduce energy consumption, which in turn results in urban sustainability. |
