中國大陸林業發展之產權問題研究

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题名:	中國大陸林業發展之產權問題研究
作者:	葉芳婷
贡献者:	政治學研究所碩士在職專班
关键词:	林業發展產權集體林集體林業產權制度改革
日期:	2010
上传时间:	2011-10-24 13:50:36 (UTC+8)
摘要:	中國大陸幅員遼闊，森林面積廣大，但是森林總是存在著資源質量不高、總量不足、分配不均等問題，影響著中國大陸林業發展。從中國大陸建國之後，林業產權制度歷經數次的改革，仍是無法提升林業的發展。研究發現，原來是產權問題沒有得到有效的解決。中國大陸的產權問題在經濟體制研究中是很重要的問題，林業產權是林業政策的核心。佔著中國大陸森林面積一半以上的集體林地，長期以來存在產權不清、經營主體沒有落實以及利益分配不均等問題，因此，嚴重影響中國大陸林業發展。中國大陸了解林業就是因為產權不清而影響發展，所以，在2003年開始頒布《決定》政策，在福建、江西、遼寧等省相繼實施集體林業產權制度改革試點，經過實施幾年之後，發現成效不錯，林業產值顯著提升，對於林業發展有很大的幫助，於是，決定在2008年6月，中共中央、國務院頒布的《關於全面推進集體林權制度改革的意見》，被稱為“第三次土地改革”的集體林業產權制度改革全面在中國大陸開始實施，積極展開林業發展的工作。所以，實施集體林業產權制度改革是發展林業的最佳方法。本論文從林業發展開始，分析了中國大陸的影響林業發展的因素、透過生態環境的改善、林業政策的調整、適當林業經營管理方式以及集體林業產權制度的改革研究，探討中國大陸林業發展問題。從分析研究中發現，影響中國大陸林業發展的最關鍵因素就是產權問題，想要解決產權問題，就必須確實實行集體林業產權制度改革，透過集體林業產權制度改革的落實，加上配套措施的改進，中國大陸的林業才能蓬勃發展。 With Mainland China encompassing an expansive range of territories and covering immense areas of forestry, there are invariably lingering problems of underrated quality, insufficient total output and uneven distribution and so forth that continue to impair Mainland China’s forestry development. Since the inception of the Communist China regime, the forestry ownership system has undergone a few times of reforms, but they seem to have failed to excel the forestry development. The study discovers that the root problem lies in the ownership issue remains unresolved. Mainland China’s ownership problem continues to be a critical issue in the study of its economic system, while forestry ownership remains the core of the forestry policies. Collective forestry, which accounts for more than one-half of Mainland China’s forestry areas, has long been marred by problems, such as obscure property ownership, unenforced management entity, uneven distribution of the gains and so forth, and which have severely impeded Mainland China’s forestry development. The Communist China is aware that the many flaws that continue to exist in the system despite a number of reforms made to the collective forestry industry’s ownership system lie in the issue of property ownership, hence by successively implementing a few trial points to the collective forestry industry’s ownership system in provinces such as Fujian, Jiangxi, Liaoning and such, the Communist China has discovered that the results are rather impressive after a few years, contributing greatly to the development of the forestry industry, hence in June 2008, the Communist China’s Central Government and State Department have promulgated the “Initiatives on a Comprehensive Promotion of the Collective Forestry Industry’s Ownership System Reform”, which is called the “Third land reform”, to set off an across-board induction of the collective forestry industry’s property ownership system across Mainland China. And as such, implementing the collective forestry industry’s property ownership system reform has been an optimum approach in developing the forestry industry. The thesis first broaches from the forestry industry development to examine problems that mar Mainland China’s forestry industry development by analyzing factors that impact Mainland China’s forestry industry development, how it can be improved upon through ecological environment, adjustments to the forestry policies, proper means for managing the forestry operations, as well as examining the reform of the collective forestry industry’s property ownership system. It has been found through the analysis study that the most critical factor that impairs Mainland China’s forestry industry development has been the property ownership issue and to resolve the property ownership issue, there is a need to truly enforce reforming the collective forestry industry’s property ownership system and that it is only through enforcing the collective forestry industry’s property ownership reform will Mainland China’s forestry industry be able to prosper and develop.
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