| Abstract: | 非洲鳳仙花花期長且花色豐富，是目前台灣秋冬季最主要的花壇植物，在許多國家都廣為栽培。但在這些種植區域中，非洲鳳仙花多已蔓延出原來的種植區域，在野外無人管理的地區和本地原生種競爭生存空間，且在許多國家已被列為入侵種，是一個值得注意的全球性議題。本研究著重觀察非洲鳳仙花各品系在不同光度下的生物特性，以為景觀設計方面植栽適合性的參考依據；另一方面又可做為探討防治其入侵性的參考依據，發展出有效的防治方法。本研究進行：(一)分三種光度(40%遮陰、70%遮陰、100%全光)扦插種植非洲鳳仙花四種不同品系(橘色、紅色、粉色、白色)，針對其花期、花苞數、果實量、葉面積、節間距等生物特性做觀察記錄；(二)調查全台灣十六個縣市，記錄非洲鳳仙花人為種植及野外生長之區域位置，調查其環境適應性；(三)利用遮光網覆蓋，觀察覆蓋對非洲鳳仙花生長之影響。
結果顯示：40%遮陰有助於非洲鳳仙花的開花表現，100%全光有助於果實生長。遮陰會造成葉面積及節間距增加，全光環境與遮陰環境比較皆有顯著性差異。白花品系於全光中開花表現最佳、紅花品系在40%遮陰中開花表現最佳、粉花品系在70%遮陰中開花表現最佳。人為種植方面調查，全台灣有九個縣市有人為栽種非洲鳳仙花，光度分佈在290-13,000 lux 間；野外生長方面，全台灣有五個縣市發現非洲鳳仙花的蹤跡，從海拔130 公尺-1100 公尺內皆有分佈，可見其適應範圍極廣，光度分佈在1025-30,067 lux 之間。環境適應性調查方面，顯示即使是夏季，非洲鳳仙花仍可存活，但需要適度的遮陰。遮光網覆蓋非洲鳳仙花植株七星期後，可導致其死亡。
Impatiens walleriana Hook. f. have a long flowering period and color rich, are
the most important bedding plants in Taiwan. They were widely cultivated in many
countries. However, in these growing regions, Impatiens have been spreaded out in the field, and competed for unattended survival with native species. In many countries, Impatiens have been listed as invasive species, and become a oteworthy global issue. This study focuses on the survey of the biological characteristics of the species under different light. In terms of prevention and control of the species, the method can be used as a reference study to develop an effective control method. The methodology of the study are as follows: (1). Observe and record biological characteristics of cutting planted four different varieties of Impatiens (orange, red, pink, white) in three luminosity (40% shade, 70% shade, full sunlight) seasonly, including the florescence, bud number, seed volume, number of capsules. Measure leaf area once every three months and the length of internode.; (2) Investigate environmental adaptability and classify the growth environment of the species in sixteen counties and cities in Taiwan.; (3) Use the covers and observe the influence of growth of the Impatiens under the shading.
The results showed that 40% of the shade improved the performance of flowering, full sunlight fruit growth. Shading caused increase of leaf area and internode length. Significant difference of leaf area and internode length was observed
among the different shading treatments. As for the cultivars, white lines in full sun light performed the best in the flowering, red flower lines in 40% shade, while pink flowers lines in 70% had the best flowering performance. Impatiens appeared in gardens in nine cities and counties of Taiwan, with luminosity 290-13,000 lux; in field in five cities and counties, altitude range from 130 to 1,100 m and with luminosity 1,025-30,067 lux., showing the wide adaptability of the species. The survey of environmental adaptability, indicating that shade does make it easier for the survival of Impatiens. After 7 weeks of covers, plants of Impatiens were observed to be dieing out. |
