| 摘要: | 摘 要
本研究旨在探討弱勢青少年在經歷貧困生活，進入社會福利系統，從弱勢青少年背景：包括家庭類型、性別、年齡、身分類型、主要照顧者及主要照顧者教育程度，來探討參與扶幼活動後之滿意度與生涯規劃之研究。
本研究採用問卷調查為主、質性研究為輔方式，來蒐集有關資料進行研究，問卷部份以立意取樣自台北北區家扶中心目前正在受扶助的青少年為對象，有效樣本為 307份，所得資料以spss12.0版進行平均數、標準差、次數分配、描述性統計、卡方檢定、t考驗、單因子變異數分析、多元迴歸之統計等分析來考驗各項假設；並針對6位受扶助青少年之深度訪談，做為質化之分析研究。
本研究結果為：
ㄧ、個人基本變項之現況
1. 在家庭背景方面，以接受政府低收入戶補助為最多。2.在年齡方面，以12-13歲為最多。3.在性別方面，以女生為較多。4.在身分類別方面，以國小高年級為最多。5.在主要照顧者方面，以單親媽媽為最多。6.在主要照顧者教育程度方面，以高中為最多。
二、弱勢青少年「身分類別」及 「主要照顧者」不同， 對參與扶幼活動之差異，
以 「中心上課」「獎助學金」、「訪視服務」、「諮詢服務」、「扶助時間」有差異，其中又以「諮詢服務」和「扶助時間」差異最顯著。
三、弱勢青少年參與不同扶幼活動「滿意度」之差異，以是否領有「實物補助」、接受「上課課程」、接受「訪視服務」、接受「諮詢服務」項目有差異，其中又以「實物補助」和「諮詢服務」差異最顯著。
四、弱勢青少年參與扶幼活動「滿意度」 對「生涯規劃」之相關分析，生存能力對一般基本生活需求滿意度面向之相關係數r＝0.595；生存能力與關懷與支持滿意度面向之相關係數r＝0.743；生命意義與一般基本生活需求滿意度面向之相關係數r＝0.482；生命意義與關懷與支持滿意度面向之相關係數r＝0.554，四種面向皆呈現非常顯著正相關。
五、 弱勢青少年在參與扶幼活動「滿意度」與「生涯規劃」分別對上課、訪視、實物、獎學金、扶助金有顯著相關。
六、扶幼活動滿意度對生涯規劃有50.4%之解釋力。
足見扶幼活動之舉辦對於弱勢青少年是需要的，關懷與支持更顯著的（p﹤0.001）大於ㄧ般基本生活需求，對生涯規劃之生存能力及體會生命意義的預測。Beta標準化分別為0.616：0.116，且從研究中發現，體會生命的意義大於生存能力，驗證馬斯洛需求理論：生理需求－安全需求－愛與隸屬需求－自尊－自我實現，也驗證本研究生涯規劃的真諦，是個人透過設定生涯目標與達成方法的持續性過程；值得未來做為關懷弱勢青少年相關人員之倡導議題之重要參考。
Abstract
The study is to research that the minority adolescents get into the social welfare system after experiencing the impoverished life. It will analyze the satisfactions after participating child-helped activities and personal life planning from minority adolescents’ background: including family style, gender, age, identity style, main caretakers and main caretakers’ level of education.
The data collection in this research is questionnaire survey mainly and with partly qualitative research technique. Purposive sampling was conducted. The samples are the adolescents who are currently getting helped at CCF Taipei and valid samples are 307. The data analysis is applied SPSS 12.0 to examine research hypotheses by the mean, standard deviation, frequency distribution, descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. Also an in-depth interview with 6 adolescents who are currently getting helped is carried out for the qualitative analysis research.
The findings of this research are:
1. Personal variables:
a. Family background, are mainly low-income and need government subsidies
b. Age, are mainly 12-13 years old
c. Gender, are mainly girls
d. Identity style, are mainly Year 5 &6 of elementary school
e. main caretakers, are mainly single mothers
f. main caretakers’ level of education, most are senior high school
2. The minority adolescents’ different ‘identity style’ and ‘main caretakers’ to the participation in child-helped activities: ‘have class at the Center’, ‘scholarship’, ‘visiting service’, ‘consulting service’, and ‘helping time’ are differences, particularly for ‘consulting service’ and ‘helping time’ which had significant differences.
3. The minority adolescents’ ‘satisfactions’ at the participation in different child-helped activities: ‘whether get material subsidies’, ‘have educational program’, ‘have visiting service’, and ‘have consulting service’ are differences, particularly for ‘material subsidies’ and ‘consulting service’ which had significant differences.
4. The correlation analysis between ‘satisfactions’ at the participation in child-helped activities and ‘personal life planning’ for the minority adolescents: correlation coefficient for survivability to general living needs is r=0.595; r=0.743 for survivability to concern and support; r=0.482 for life value to general living needs; r=0.554 for life value to concern and support, all four aspects are positive.
5. The minority adolescents’ ‘satisfactions’ at the participation in child-helped activities and ‘personal life planning’ had significant correlation to ‘have class at the Center’, ‘visiting service’, ‘material subsidies’, ‘scholarship’, and ‘ helping fund’ respectively.
6. The satisfaction of the participation in child-helped activities to personal life planning is 58%.
This shows that it is necessary for minority adolescents to have child-helped activities. It concludes that concern and support are more significant than general living needs, the survivability for personal life planning and the prediction for understanding life value (ß=0.616: 0.1116, P<0.001). Meanwhile, from this research it finds that understanding life value is more than survivability, which proves Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: Physiological needs- Safety needs- Belongingness needs- Esteem needs- Self-actualization needs. It also proves the real value of personal life planning in this research, which is a continuing process for individual through setting life objective and achievement. Those findings in this research contribute to the field of caring minority adolescents and provide as an important benchmark for further research.
Keywords: minority adolescent, child-helped activity, satisfaction, personal life planning |
