| 摘要: | 經貿外交是經貿問題和其採取的外交策略的結合，是建立在國際政治、國際經濟以及外交政策等相互關聯的基礎之上，成為當前國際政治經濟學研究的重要內容。歐盟常被視為是一個「非軍事強權」(civilian power)，實質上歐盟推展對外關係主要是以經濟與貿易作為政策工具。
中國是歐盟經貿外交最重要的挑戰之一，目前歐盟為中國最大的貿易夥伴，同時，中國是歐盟僅次於美國的第二大貿易合作夥伴，從雙邊貿易總額、貿易依存度、直接投資(FDI)以及歐盟對中國的貿易援助等面向來評估，歐盟與中國的關係非常緊密。尤其，2010年之後中國已成為為僅次於美國的世界第二大經濟體和第三大出口國，在國際政治經濟上的重要性已是不可忽視的大國，因此以經貿外交的觀點來探討雙邊關係，具有重要的意義。
「共同商業政策」是歐盟專屬的權限，但由於歐盟對外決策的特性，實質上不論是超國家機構、政府間機構或是次國家機構均扮演重要的角色。儘管人權是歐盟對外政策中所堅持的價值，但過去歐盟對中國的經貿外交政策是採取「政經合作」與「改善中國人權」分開處理的方式，因此雙方的貿易摩擦與政治人權爭議並沒有影響到歐盟與中國建立戰略夥伴關係的目標。
在短期的未來，歐盟對中國的經貿外交政策的主軸，首先是解決對歐盟的不公平貿易與大量貿易逆差的問題：在經濟與區域整合上，支持中國經濟與社會改革，促使中國早日融入國際經濟體系；在政治與民主發展上，支持中國強化政府管理與法治 也鼓勵中國轉變為一個以法治為基礎並且尊重人權的開放社會；在全球治理議題上，將是促進中國繼續深化和國際交往，要求中國必須承擔更多的國際責任，並強化歐中雙邊的戰略互利互惠。
Commercial diplomacy is a combination of international political, international economic and foreign policy. It has become an important focus of the current international political economics study. The European Union (EU) is often seen as a “civilian power”, essentially promoting its foreign relations mainly in the economy and trade as a policy tool.
China is one of the most important challenges of the EU diplomacy. Currently the EU is China's largest trading partner, while China is the EU’s second largest trading partner after US. From the total amount of bilateral trade, foreign direct investment (FDI), trade dependence degree and EU aid for trade to China oriented evaluation, the relation between EU and China remains close.
In particular, after 2010 China has become the second largest economy in the world and the third largest exporter, Therefore to discuss the bilateral relations from the approach of commercial diplomacy is of great significance.
“Common Commercial Policy(CCP)” is the exclusive competence of the EU, but the multi-level governance decision-making processing of the EU, in essence, whether supranational institutions, government organizations and national institutions also plays an important role.
Although the EU adheres to human rights as the values in their foreign policy, in the past EU dealt with “political and economic cooperation” and “improving human rights in China” separately. Therefore trade friction between the two sides and the human rights disputes had no effect onthe objectives of EU’s strategic partnership with China.
In the near future, the heart of EU’s commercial diplomacy toward China will fall first on settling the problems of unfair trade and large trade deficits reduction. On the aspect of economic and regional integration, the EU will support China’s economic and social reform, and urge China to participate in the international economic system at an early date. On the aspect of political and democratic development, supporting strengthened governance and the rule of law in China will encourage an open society based on the rule of law and respect for human rights. On the issue of global governance, the EU will continue to promot a deeper international communication with China requesting that it shoulders more international responsibilities and strengthens EU-China strategic mutual benefits. |
