文化大學機構典藏 CCUR:Item 987654321/19742
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    jsp.display-item.identifier=請使用永久網址來引用或連結此文件: https://irlib.pccu.edu.tw/handle/987654321/19742


    题名: 美國國會對中共永久正常貿易關係的立法研究(1990-2000)
    作者: 林嘉慧
    贡献者: 史學系
    关键词: 永久性正常貿易關係
    最惠國待遇
    美國國會
    投票
    日期: 2010
    上传时间: 2011-10-20 09:38:07 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 美國憲法規定任何外交（包括外貿）決策都須經國會的立法。美國國會是由100名參議員與435名眾議員組成參眾兩院。美國國會所作出的每一項決策、所通過的每一個議案，無不是國會議員投票決定的結果。從議案的醞釀、提出、辯論到最終表決通過涉及到各方面的利益與因素。
    1989年天安門事件後，最惠國待遇（Most-Favored-Nation Treatment）就成為美中外交貿易政策的爭議，直到2000年通過與中國建立「永久正常貿易關係」（Permanent Normal Trade Relations），國會才結束對中國最惠國待遇的審議。最惠國待遇被認為是結合外交、安全、經濟和貿易政策的法案，展現出美國行政部門對中國政策的一貫性與國會對給予最惠國的轉變。
    1990至2000年間影響國會議員在最惠國待遇議案上投票行為因素，以參眾兩院在院會提出的法案投票統計分析，以議員的贊成或反對票論述選區利益與政黨政治影響國會議員的投票。事實上，美國國會也將人權與經貿密切結合，通過貿易法案要求中國改善人權，以實現理想主義的外交政策。共和黨保守派與民主黨自由派兩派對人權議題取得共識，於同意延長中國最惠國待遇案中附加人權條件，人權議題也是給予中國最惠國待遇的關鍵因素。

    Abstract
    The Constitution of the United States that any foreign policy, including that of foreign trading, must be approved and made law by the Congress. The Congress consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate has 100 members and the House of Representatives 435. Every policy and law the Congress has made is voted and passed by the congressmen, processing from drafting a bill, introducing it to the Congress, debating the bill’s merits in committees, to the final voting in the Congress, considering all possibilities of profits and grounds.

    After the Tiananmen Square Massacre in 1989, the Most-Favored-Nation Treatment has become a point of dispute of the foreign trading policy between USA and PRC. Until the Permanent Normal Trade Relations with China was passed in 2000, the Congress has then ended the debate of Most-Favored-Nation Treatment with China Statue. This treatment has been considered as a law combining the foreign, security, economic and trading policies, displaying the constancy of the China policy of the US Government and the Congress’ changed position of granting the Most-Favored-Nation Treatment.

    From 1990 to 2000, according to the analysis of the bills voting to the Most-Favored-Nation Treating within Congress, the power over the voting patterns of the congressmen was that their “aye” or “no” voting reflected on their districts profits and partisan politics. In fact, Congress also takes human rights into consideration, linking it closely to economic and trading, and demands China to improve its human rights position through trading policy, in order to materialize its idealistic foreign policy. The Republican (Conservative) Party and the Democratic (Liberal) Party have reached a mutual agreement on human rights. Regarding the extension of Most-Favored-Nation Treatment with China and added up the human rights. The human rights disputation is also the key point to grant the Most-Favored-Nation Treatment with China.


    Keywords: PNTR / MFN/ Congress/vote
    显示于类别:[史學系暨研究所] 博碩士論文

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