| 摘要: | 展望21世紀，自〈聯合國海洋法公約〉（United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, UNCLOS）於1994年11月16日正式生效後，世界主要的海洋國家無不致力海洋事務之發展，尤其海洋事務牽涉十分廣泛，管理上呈現許多問題，世界各先進國家亦不斷檢討與改革，但各國背景需求及著眼點皆有所不同，然整合管理已漸成為趨勢。我國近年來亦期盼亦以「海洋立國」為出發點，與國際接軌。2008年馬總統候選人英九先生之競選政見更提出成立「海洋部」來統籌海洋事務，顯見我國在這關鍵時刻，期能針對過去海洋管理之缺失，檢討改善以建構完善管理體制，展現「海洋國家」之作為，追求海洋的永續發展。
有鑑於此，本研究以「公共治理」為論證思維，從「功能定位」、「組織結構」與「跨域治理」三個面向分析探討，以彌補學術界與實務界尚未達成共識之處，並參考美國、加拿大、英國、澳大利亞、日本、韓國及中國大陸等七個海洋國家之運作經驗，以作為我國之借鏡，俾藉由檢討與分析提出立即可行及中長期具體建議，提供未來海洋事務管理體制建構之參考。
In view of the 21st century, when United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) was officially turned effective on 16th November 1994, marine countries of the world have entirely made effort onto the development of marine affairs. Besides, since marine affairs have involved rather extensive fields of expertise, many problems are found in terms of management, and advanced countries around the world carried out constant review and reform. Nonetheless, integrative management has become a trend as background of each and every country is different and their focus of perspective is, as well, diverse. In recent years, we have also initiated ourselves with the anticipation as “country founding upon ocean,” so that we can be tracked to the world internationally. In 2008, the campaign policy of presidential candidate Ma Ying-jeou had even put forth the idea of “Marine Department” to integrate marine affairs. As such, it has showed that we would hope to review and improve the establishment for a comprehensive system at point of critical moment regarding defects of marine management, thus demonstrating the ways and measures of “marine country” in pursuit for sustainable development of ocean.
In view of such scenario, this study will base on “public governance” as its mindset for argumentation, and it will conduct from the three aspects “function positioning,” “organization structure,” and “across-boundary governance” for analysis and investigation to compensate for area in short of consensus between the world of academic and practicality. Furthermore, it will also take reference from 7 marine countries as the US, Canada, UK, Australia, Japan, South Korea, and China for operation experience and learn from them for reflection. In such a way, we can put forth immediate and workable mid-term and long-term substantive suggestions from review and analysis, which can then be cited as reference for the establishment of management system on marine affairs. |
