| 摘要: | 本研究旨在了解國、高中少年之父母教養態度、家庭互動與其心理健康的現況，並考驗不同性別、年齡、教育程度、父親教育程度、母親教育程度及家庭月收入的少年在父母教養態度、家庭互動與其心理健康的差異情形。同時，探討少年之父母教養態度、家庭互動與其心理健康的相關性，最後並擬發展心理健康的預測模式。
本研究取樣台北市立聯合醫院松德院區兒童青少年心理衛生門診200位個案為研究對象，以「父母教養態度量表」、「家庭互動量表」與「青少年心理健康量表-篩選性評估」為研究工具，採用次數分配、百分率、t 檢定、單因子變異數分析、薛費事後考驗、皮爾遜積差相關和逐步多元迴歸分析統計方法。茲將研究結論說明如下：
一、 不同個人及家庭背景變項之少年在父母教養態度上的差異性研究。
不同「教育程度」之少年其父母在教養態度上採專制權威者有顯著差異，且高中學生的父母教養態度為專制權威者較國中學生高。
二、不同個人及家庭背景變項之少年在家庭互動上的差異性研究。
「父親教育程度」不同之少年在家庭互動中手足關係、學習環境者有顯著差異。
三、不同個人及家庭背景變項之少年在心理健康上的差異性研究
（一）不同「性別」之少年在心理健康上有顯著差異，且女生憂鬱程度、整體心理健康較男生高。
（二）不同「年齡」之少年在心理健康上有顯著差異，且年齡為14~15歲之少年，其衝動程度較16~17歲之少年高。
（三）不同「教育程度」之少年在心理健康上有顯著差異，且高中學生焦慮與自傷程度較國中學生高。
（四）「父親教育程度」不同之少年在心理健康之憂鬱、自傷者有顯著差異。
（五）「母親教育程度」不同之少年在心理健康之衝動者有顯著差異。
（六）不同「家庭月收入」之少年在心理健康之憂鬱、自傷者有顯著差異。
四、少年之父母教養態度、家庭互動與心理健康之相關情形
（一）父母教養態度與家庭互動之相關
父母教養態度為「開明權威」與家庭互動中「父母關係」、「親子關係」、「親子溝通」、「父母參與」、「手足關係」、「家庭常規」及「學習環境」呈現顯著正相關。
（二）家庭互動與心理健康之相關
家庭互動中「親子關係」與心理健康之「衝動」呈現正相關。
（三）父母教養態度與心理健康之相關
父母教養態度為「專制權威」與心理健康之「焦慮」、「自傷」、「衝動」、「精神」及整體「心理健康」呈現正相關；父母教養態度為「寬鬆放任」與心理健康之「自傷」及整體「心理健康」呈現正相關。
五、少年之個人及家庭背景變項、父母教養態度、家庭互動對心理健康之預測模式
在投入的十七個預測變項中，共有開明權威、親子關係、親子溝通、手足關係、家庭常規、學習環境六項達到顯著水準，共可解釋心理健康10.20%之變異量。
本研究的最後，對少年之父母、學校、衛生主管機關、院內精神社工科及後續研究提出建議。
This study aims to understand the current situation of parent's rearing attitude, family member relationship, and psychological health in high school adolescents as well as to examine the differences in parent's rearing attitude, family member relationship, and psychological health between adolescents with different sexes, age, education levels, father's education levels, mother's education levels, and family month income. Meanwhile, this research investigates the relationships between parent's rearing attitude, family member relationship, and psychological health in adolescents, and finally, it develops a forecast model of psychological health.
The study samples are 200 cases from in adolescents-an example based on the patients of psychological health outpatient at taipei city hospital, songde branch. The research tools include the Parent's Rearing Attitude Instrument, the Family Member Relationship Instrument, and the Mental Health Scale for Adolescent-Screening Assessment, and the statistic methods include frequency distributions, percentage, t-test, One-Way ANOVA, Scheffes's Post Hoc Comparison, Pearson's product-moment correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regressions. The conclusions are described as follows:
1. The differences of parent's rearing attitude between adolescents with different individual and family background variables：
Significant differences of authoritative-autocratic parenting style are found between the parents of adolescents with different Education Levels; more parents of the senior high school students adopt the authoritative-autocratic style than the parents of the junior high school students.
2. The differences of family member relationship between adolescents with different individual and family background variables：
Significant differences of sibling relationship, learning environment in the family member relationship are found in adolescents with different Father's Education Levels.
3. The differences of psychological health between adolescents with different individual and family background variables：
（1）Significant differences of psychological health are found in adolescents with different Sexes; the depression level, overall psychological health of the female students is higher than male students.
（2）Significant differences of psychological health are found in adolescents with different Age; the impulsivity level of the 14~15 years old in adolescents is higher than 16~17 years old in adolescents.
（3）Significant differences of psychological health are found in adolescents with different Education Levels; the anxiety, self-injury level of the senior high school students is higher than junior high school students.
（4）Significant differences of the depression, self-injury of psychological health are found in adolescents with different Father's Education Levels.
（5）Significant differences of the impulsivity of psychological health are found in adolescents with different Mother's Education Levels.
（6）Significant differences of the depression, self-injury of psychological health are found in adolescents with different parents with different Levels of Income.
4. The relationships between parent's rearing attitude, family member relationship, and psychological health in adolescents：
（1）the relationships between parent's rearing attitude and family member relationship:
Authoritative-Reciprocal of parent's rearing attitude is positively related to Parent's Relationship, Adolescent and their Parent's Relationship, Adolescent and their Parent's Communication, Parent's Participation, Sibling Relationship, Family Laws and Learning Envioronment of family member relationship.
（2）The relationship between family member relationship and mental health:
Adolescent and their Parent's Relationship of family member relationship is positively related to Impulsivity of psychological health.
（3）The relationships between parent's rearing attitude and psychological health:
Authoritative-Autocratic of parent's rearing attitude is positively related to Anxiety, Self-Injury, Impulsivity, Psychological Condition, the Overall Psychological Health of psychological health.
5. The prediction model accounting for the influences of individual and family background variables, parent's rearing attitude, and family member relationship on psychological health：
In the 17 predictor variables applied, authoritative- reciprocal, adolescent and their parent's relationship, adolescent and their parent's communication, sibling relationship, family laws and learning envioronment reach the significant level, accounting for 10.20% of the variance of psychological health in total.
Finally, suggestions are made for the parents of adolescents, schools, health authority, psychological social work administration at taipei city hospital, songde branch , and the following research. |
