| 摘要: | 明人居室生活，是指家居與園居兩種不同性質的空間；家居空間是日常起居、自娛自適的生活區，園居空間是與友偕好、娛人共適的生活區。常者曰住，指家居生活；不住曰暫，是指園居生活。一般而言，明人將家居、園居合而為一較為少見，因此園居歲月僅十之一二，甚至有園成終身不得住，或轉眼易主。明人認為居家之病有七，大興土木營園是其中之一，皆足以破家，而世俗遑遑問舍如故。明人居室生活的歷史流變，約可分為四期：洪武至建文、永樂至弘治、正德至隆慶、萬曆至崇禎。每一時期各有其時代的特性，也正好反映明代社會生活的變遷軌跡。
Ming people lived in their houses and gardens, creating and enjoying their life of the living-room in these spaces. The house was Ming people'sspace for daily life and self-amusement; the garden was the space for sharing joy and recreating with their friends. In general, it was seldom that their living in the houses and gardens was combined together by them. Therefore, they did not often live in their gardens, even had never lived there all their life, or transferred their gardens to others after the gardens had been built up. Although Ming persons thought that establishing gardens might result in bankruptcy, lots of them still established their gardens. The historical evolution of Ming people's life of the living-room can be divided into four periods, and each one of them had its characteristic that just reflected the tracks of changes of social life in Ming Dynasty. |
