| 摘要: | 文官制度在中國發展很早。它在世界各地的發展史上，中國佔很重要的一個地位。很多今天所用的人事制度中國在漢代都早已具備：例如學校、察舉、考試、考績、守和真除等。考績制度在中國可以遠溯至公元前六世紀。中國可能是最早發展這些制度的國家，至少也是最早發展這些制度的國家之一。本文證實漢代已建立一套很合理的選用丞相的制度。丞相從一個過程產生：從太守（地方首長）而至九卿（中央部長），而至御史大夫（副丞相），最後至丞相。這項研究對漢代健全的人事制度又增加了一層瞭解和讚賞。
The civil service system was developed very early in China. Among nations, China might occupy a very special position in the evolution of this system. Many methods which are used today in the field of personnel administration were used in China during the Former Han dynasty, such as school, examination, recommendation, probational appointment and annual merit rating etc. Perhaps China was the first country in the world to develop these systems, or at least was one among the earliest countries which developed these systems. This article establishes the fact that cheng-hsiang (丞相 chancellor) during the Former Han dynasty was produced through the following channel: from the provincial governor, to the minister in the central government, to the vice chancellor then to the chancellor. This finding further our appreciation of the accomplishment which China achieved in the field of personnel administration. |
