| 摘要: | 國家經濟力與國防需求的關係，一直是學界與實務界關切的課題；鑑於此，本研究以全球166個國家，1991至2000年資料，從長期平均的觀點探討其間的關係。研究結果顯示，國防需求代理變數「國民負擔軍費」與「國民所得」呈顯著的正向關係，亦即經濟力愈強的國家會有愈高的國防需求。為了驗證上述結果的穩定性，本研究將調查期間區分為兩個時段進行相同的測試，研究結果指出二變項在時間上呈現穩定的關係。研究中另以「每人力軍費配額」、「國防預算」與「高科技軍人比例」作為國防需求的代理變項，進行敏感度測試，實證結果仍支持上述的關係。
The relationship of state economic strength with national defense demand has been of a major concern to practitioners and academicians. To address this issue, a long-term average point of view is taken in this study. Using a sample of 166 countries and ten-year investigation period spanning from 1991 to 2000, our results demonstrate that 'Income Per Capita' is positively associated with 'Defense Expenditure Per Civilian,' indicating that countries with stronger economic strength have more demand for national defense security. We reexamine this issue by dividing the ten-year investigation period into two five-year periods; the results show that the relationship of the two variables remains stable across the two time windows. In addition, we further examine the relationship by using alternative proxy variables for extent of national defense demand as follows: total defense budget, defense budget per militant, ratio of militants in high-tech military services. All the sensitivity tests lend support to the above findings. |
