馴服v.s.抗拒：中國政治權力控制下的新聞專業抗爭策略

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Title:	馴服v.s.抗拒：中國政治權力控制下的新聞專業抗爭策略 Taming V.S. Resistance--- The Resistance Strategies of Media Professionalism for Chinese Government Political Power
Authors:	王毓莉
Contributors:	大眾傳播學系
Keywords:	抗拒政治權力傅柯斯科特新聞專業主義隱藏的文本
Date:	2010
Issue Date:	2010-09-03 15:52:25 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	中國大陸的改革開放與新聞傳播改革，始自1978年十一屆三中全會以後，在雙重的改革影響下，中國在政治、經濟、新聞傳播事業和其他領域的政策，有了重大調整。然而中國大陸的新聞傳播體制，並未有革命性性的變革，在政治權力的控制下，採取兩手抓策略，在傳播事業的其他內容與產業面向，實施「商業化」，另一方面則緊抓「新聞」部分。 2009年中國的《財經》雜誌高層集體出走事件、《南方週末》與《南方都市報》開天窗事件，證實了中國的政治權力控制的黑手，不斷伸入新聞媒體的專業領域。然而，在嚴峻的新聞自由環境下，中國仍然不乏具有新聞專業主義認知的新聞媒體，表面上與政治權力維持一定的從屬關係，但在日常的新聞實踐中，持續與政治控制的力量拉扯、擦邊球、與採取抗爭策略。本研究將援用法國大學思想史首席教授Michel Foucault（傅柯）與耶魯大學教授James C. Scott（斯科特），兩位大師對於「權力」（Power）與「反抗」（Resistance）的論述，發展出研究架構。研究設計上，採取「文獻探討法」、「深度訪談法」與「文本分析法」，期望洞察在中國政治控制下，中國新聞傳媒編輯部，馴服與抗拒的策略為何？本研究問題如下：研究問題一：中國大陸的國家機器，如何控制新聞媒體？研究問題二：新聞媒體管理階層，在馴服與抗拒之間，扮演怎樣的角色？研究問題三：新聞工作者如何在新聞輿論監督中，展現新聞專業的馴服策略？研究問題四：新聞工作者如何在新聞輿論監督中，實踐新聞專業的抗爭策略？研究問題五：具有「隱藏性文本」特質的中國新聞輿論監督新聞文本為何？ Under the influences of Mainland China's Reform and Opening up and the media reform policy since 1978, there are some major changes in the realm of politics, economics, media industry and other areas. However, the mass media has no institutional change in mainland China. Chinese government deploys a “two hand strategy”which is commericaized for media industry, but strictly control in the news sector. The incidents of the group management executives resigned in “CAIJING Magazine”, the “blank events” of both “Southern Weekly” and “Southern Metropolis Daily” in 2009 show the evidence that the political power has constantly penetrated into the news organization. Though, there are still media comply with professionalism who maintain a certain degree of subordination to the power, but practice resistance in daily news routines. This study will employ the power analysis by Michel Foucault and the hidden transcript analysis by James C. Scott to develop the theoretical frame. The research design will be the "literature review”, "in-depth interviews" and "text analysis" . It aims to discover the complied and resistance strategies of media professionalism for Chinese government political power. Thus, the study questions are as follows: Q1 How the state apparatus power controls the news media in mainland China? Q2 Between the complied and resistance, what kind of role does the media administration executive play? Q3 How do the journalists practice the compliance strategy in news supervision? Q4 How do the journalists practice the resistance strategy in news supervision? Q5 What is the "hidden transcript" feature in the news supervision text?
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