| 摘要: | 能源是現今重要議題之一，隨著全球原油存量的逐漸枯竭及能源消耗率的成長，導致原油價格節節飄升，況且目前台灣能源原料的進口比例高達98%，使得我國經濟發展受國際能源價格波動的影響也隨之增加，因此發展生質柴油可以增加我國自主能源比例，減少對進口的依存度。
再者石化燃料的過度消費，導致全球各地二氧化碳的排放量逐年增高，造成地球暖化的主因之一，迫使全世界大多數的先進國家均全力積極策劃如何減低溫室氣體之排放量。因此使用生質柴油可以減少溫室氣體的排放量，且符合京都議定書的規範，同時改善空氣品質，達到環境保護，所以我國替代石化能源的研發及推展已刻不容緩。
台灣加入WTO後，必需開放稻米進口，而水稻是台灣栽培面積最廣、農戶數最多的產業，目前是以休耕政策因應，但若只重「休耕補貼」，卻忽視環境管理，長期休耕淪為廢耕，因此休耕政策應該進行調整，讓農村生態得以永續發展。能源作物的推廣與利用，具有農業、能源和生態保育等三方面的效益，並為台灣農民提供另一土地利用的選擇。關鍵在於如何整合環境、農業和能源政策，以免政策之間產生矛盾，因此本文進行推廣生質能源之政策整合分析。
其推導結果為：能源作物價格對能源作物供給及其耕地面積之影響為正向；對國內能源作物需求與生質柴油供給則為負向。生質柴油價格對國內能源作物需求與生質柴油供給之影響為正向。在政策部分，種植能源作物之單位面積補貼金額對能源作物供給及其種植面積為正向影響。生質柴油單位產量補貼金額對國內能源作物需求及生質柴油供給為正向影響。稻米保證收購價格、稻米單位面積收購量及休耕單位面積補貼金額對能源作物供給及其耕地面積為負向影響。
之後利用市場供需均衡原則，推導能源作物與生質柴油市場均衡價格，並針對各政策變數對均衡價格之影響進行比較靜態分析。結果發現，能源作物單位面積補貼金額對能源作物市場均衡價格之影響為負向。生質柴油單位產量補貼對能源作物均衡價格之影響為正向；對生質柴油均衡價格則為負向。稻米保證收購價格及休耕補貼對能源作物市場價格之影響為正向。
The energy is one of nowadays important subjects, gradually dries up along with the global crude oil storage quantity and the energy growth, causes the crude oil price successively to flutter rises, moreover the present Taiwan energy raw material import proportion reaches as high as 98%, causes our country economy development the international energy price undulation influence also along with it increase, therefore develops the fresh nature diesel oil to be allowed to increase our country independent energy proportion, reduces depends on for existence to the import. Furthermore the petrified fuel excessively expends, causes the global each place carbon dioxide the withdrawal to advance year by year, creates one of Earth warm principal factors, how forces the world majority the advanced countries with all one's strength positively to plan decreases withdrawal of the greenhouse gas. Therefore uses the fresh nature diesel oil to be allowed to reduce the greenhouse gas the withdrawal, also conforms to the Kyoto protocol standard, simultaneously improves the air quality, achieves the environmental protection, therefore our country substitutes the petrified energy the research and development and promotes has been urgent.
After Taiwan joins WTO, essential open paddy rice import, but the paddy rice is the Taiwan cultivation area broadest, most industries, at present is by the fallow policy in accordance to, but if is only heavy "the fallow subsidy", actually neglects the environment management, the long-term fallow degenerates into leaves uncultivated, therefore the fallow policy should carry on the adjustment, lets the countryside ecology be able to continue forever the development. The energy crops' promotion and the use, have the agriculture, the energy and the ecology care and so on three aspects benefits, and provides another land utilization for the Taiwan farmer the choice. How does the key lie in the conformity environment, the agriculture and the energy policy, in order to avoid between the policy has the contradiction, therefore this article carries on promotes policy of conformity analysis the fresh nature energy.
Its inferential reasoning result is: The energy crops price for is approaching influence to of the energy crops supplies and it’s the cultivated area; To the domestic energy crops demand and the fresh nature diesel oil supplies are a negative direction. The fresh nature diesel oil price for is approaching to the domestic energy crops demand and influence the fresh nature diesel oil supplies. Are partial in the policy, of unit area subsidy volume planter energy crops to energy crops supplies and its sown area for to influence. The fresh nature diesel oil unit produces the subsidy amount to the domestic energy crops demand and the fresh nature diesel oil supplies for to the influence. Paddy rice guarantee purchase price, paddy rice unit area purchase quantity and fallow unit area subsidy amount to energy crops supplies and its cultivated area for negative direction influence.
Afterwards □with the market supply and demand balanced principle, the inferential reasoning energy crops and the fresh nature diesel oil market balanced price, and aims at various policies to change □affects □the comparison static state analysis to the balanced price. The result discovered that, the energy crops unit area subsidy □volume to influence of the energy crops market balanced price is a negative direction. The fresh nature diesel oil unit produces the subsidy for to approach to influence the energy crops balanced price; To the fresh nature diesel oil balanced price is the negative direction. The paddy rice guaranteed the purchase price and the fallow subsidy for is approaching to influence the energy crops market price. |
