| 摘要: | 過度訓練，疲憊和倦怠是運動員普遍公認的三個問題。青少年運動員是一個獨特的群體，由於成長和成熟，他們在經歷各種生理，心理和心理變化的同時，還需要接受大強度訓練高頻率比賽承受很大壓力，因此很可能產生倦怠。本研究之主要研究目的在探討青少年運動員個人背景選項與職業倦怠對其退出意圖之影響，次要目的在瞭解青少年運動員個人背景選項、職業倦怠與退出意圖之現狀。本次研究分兩次抽取樣本，先通過小樣本前測，對問卷進行修正並驗證其信度和效度，後測選取全運會球員217名作為研究樣本，採取問卷調查的方式——問卷共分為三個部分「個人背景資料調查表」、「運動員倦怠量表」、「退役意圖量表」。再透過SPSS 24.0資料百分比、次數分配、平均數、標準差、獨立樣本t檢定、單因數變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、複迴規分析後得出結果：青少年運動員會產生運動倦怠主要是在受訓練時間長短及是否為主力球員上存在影響，接受訓練時間越短越容易產生倦怠，非主力球員較主力球員更容易產生倦怠；運動員退出意圖只在是否主力球員人口特徵變數上存在顯著性差異。職業倦怠是退出意圖的有效預測變項。整體運動倦怠越高則具較高之退出意圖，其中成就感降低向度亦影響退出意圖。
Overtraining, fatigue and burnout are three commonly recognized problems for athletes. As youth athletes are a unique group of athletes, they are likely to experience burnout as they grow up and mature while undergoing various physical, psychological and psychological changes, as well as undergoing high intensity training and high frequency competition under great pressure. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effects of personal background options and burnout on the withdrawal intentions of young athletes, and the secondary objective was to understand the current status of personal background options, burnout and withdrawal intentions of young athletes. In this study, samples were taken twice, firstly, through a small sample pre-test to correct the questionnaire and verify its reliability and validity, and then, in the post-test, 217 National Games players were selected as the study sample. The questionnaire was divided into three parts: "Personal Background Survey", "Athletic Burnout Scale", and "Motivation to Retire". The results were obtained through SPSS 24.0 data percentages, frequency distributions, means, standard deviations, independent sample t-testing, single factor analysis of variance, Pearson's product correlation, and multiple regression analysis: youth athletes' burnout is mainly affected by the length of training and whether they are a starter. Non-starters were more likely to burnout than starters; the intention to quit differed significantly only in the demographic variables of whether or not the athlete was a starter. Burnout is a valid predictor of exit intention. Higher overall sport burnout was associated with higher exit intention, with a lower achievement vector also affecting exit intention. |
