臺北地區成年人理財態度與退休生涯規劃之研究

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Title:	臺北地區成年人理財態度與退休生涯規劃之研究 A Study on the Financial Attitude and Retirement planning for Adults in Taipei Area
Authors:	李佩憶 (LEE, PEI-YI)
Contributors:	生活應用科學系碩士在職專班
Keywords:	成年人理財態度退休生涯規劃 adult financial attitude retirement planning
Date:	2018
Issue Date:	2019-05-10 13:51:13 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	中文摘要本研究旨在瞭解臺北地區成年人「理財態度」與「退休生涯規劃」之現況，以及不同「個人背景因素」之成年人在「理財態度」與「退休生涯規劃」上的差異情形，另探討成年人的「理財態度」與「退休生涯規劃」之相關性。更進一步瞭解「個人背景因素」及「理財態度」對臺北地區成年人「退休生涯規劃」的預測力。本研究係採「分層比例」及「立意抽樣」方式進行取樣，選取居住於臺北地區（臺北市、新北市）20-64歲成年人為研究對象，正式施測樣本為580份，扣除填答不完整等無效問卷後，實得有效樣本為544份，有效回收率為93.8%。所使用之研究工具包括：「個人背景資料表」、「理財態度量表」及「退休生涯規劃量表」。施測所得資料以 SPSS for Windows 22 進行結果分析，分別採用：卡方檢定、敘述統計、單一樣本 t 檢定、獨立樣本 t 檢定、單因子變異數分析、雪費事後比較法、皮爾森積差相關，以及逐步多元迴歸分析等統計方法加以分析，本研究結果如下：一、臺北地區成年人「理財態度」與「退休生涯規劃」之現況（一）臺北地區成年人較傾向「穩健型」理財態度。整體而言，「穩健型」、「保守型」理財態度均趨向中高之程度；「積極型」理財態度趨向中低之程度。（二）臺北地區成年人「退休生涯規劃」趨向中高積極程度。其中，成年人以「健康維持」的規劃與準備之積極程度為最高。二、臺北地區成年人「個人背景因素」對「理財態度」及「退休生涯規劃」之差異情形（一）臺北地區成年人會因「性別」、「年齡」、「個人平均月收入」、「個人平均月儲蓄」、「參與理財相關課程」的不同，其「理財態度」有差異。（二）臺北地區成年人會因「年齡」、「婚姻狀況」、「子女數」、「個人平均月收入」、「個人平均月儲蓄」、「退休狀況」、「工作年資」、「參與理財相關課程」的不同，其整體「退休生涯規劃」有差異。三、臺北地區成年人「理財態度」與「退休生涯規劃」之相關性臺北地區成年人之「穩健型」理財態度與整體「退休生涯規劃」達顯著「中程度之正相關」；「積極型」及「保守型」理財態度與整體「退休生涯規劃」達顯著「低程度之正相關」。此外，臺北地區成年人愈傾向「穩健型」理財態度，其退休生涯規劃愈積極，退休準備也較周全。四、臺北地區成年人「個人背景因素」及「理財態度」對「退休生涯規劃」之預測力臺北地區成年人之「穩健型」理財態度、「參與理財相關課程」、「年齡」、「性別」、「退休狀況」、「個人平均月收入」及「工作年資」等變項，在整體「退休生涯規劃」上達顯著水準，能預測受試者之整體「退休生涯規劃」37.2%的變異量。意即臺北地區成年「女性」、「50-64歲」、「已退休」、「個人平均月收入」愈高、「工作年資25年（含以上）」且「參與理財相關課程」愈積極、愈傾向「穩健型」理財態度者，其整體「退休生涯規劃」愈積極。根據本研究發現，建議成年人宜全面性思考人生整體發展各個層面的生涯規劃，包含求學、就業、成家到退休等人生階段，並及早理財規劃與培養穩健的理財方法，有助於退休準備更周全，以享有富足、自由的生活。此外，建議學校、企業雇主與政府相關單位，規劃提供成年人理財與退休生涯規劃的教育課程，有助成年人將工作時期的儲蓄總額逐步轉化為理財收入，實際投入理財生涯規劃，未來才能擁有無憂且有尊嚴的樂活退休，以追求活躍老化的晚年生活，促進社會的安定與和諧。關鍵詞：成年人、理財態度、退休生涯規劃 Abstract The purpose of this study was to examined the “financial attitude” and “retirement planning” of adults in Taipei area as well as how these attributes differed with their “personal backgrounds”. In addition, this study explored the relationship between “financial attitude” and“retirement planning”and investigated the predictive power of “personal backgrounds” and “financial attitude” on “retirement planning”. Proportionate stratified sampling and purposive sampling were employed to select adult residents aged 20–64 years in Taipei City and New Taipei City. A total of 580 formal questionnaires were distributed. After invalid responses (e.g., incomplete responses) were excluded, 544 valid responses were collected, yielding a valid return rate of 93.8%. The research instruments included “Questionnaire on Personal Background Data” (QPBD) , a “Financial Attitude Scale” (FAS) , and a “Retirement Planning Scale” (RPS) . SPSS for Windows 22 was employed to analyze the data through chi-squared testing, descriptive statistics, one-sample t testing, independent-sample t testing, one-way analysis of variance, the Scheffe posthoc test, Pearson product-moment correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. The analysis results were as follows: A. “ Financial attitude” and “retirement planning” of adults in Taipei Area 1. Most of the participants exhibited stable “financial attitudes”. Specifically, the participants exhibited a moderately high preference toward stable or conservative “financial attitudes” but a moderately low preference toward active “financial attitudes”. 2. The participants demonstrated a moderately high initiative in preparing their retirement plans. Specifically, they were most active in preparing their health maintenance plans. B. Differences in “financial attitude” and “retirement planning” with respect to “personal backgrounds” 1. The “financial attitudes” of the participants differed with their gender, age, mean personal monthly income, mean personal monthly savings, and participation in financial courses. 2. The retirement plans of the participants differed with their age, marital statuses, numbers of children, mean personal monthly income, mean personal monthly savings, retirement statuses, work seniorities, and participation in financial courses. C. Relationship between “financial attitude” and “retirement planning” Stable “financial attitude” was moderately, significantly, and positively correlated with “retirement planning”. Active “financial attitude” and conservative “financial attitude” were mildly but significantly correlated with “retirement planning”. In addition, participants who preferred a stable “financial attitude” were more active in preparing their retirement plans, and their plans tended to be more comprehensive compared with those of other participants. D. Predictive power of “personal backgrounds” and “financial attitude” on “retirement planning”. Stable “financial attitude”, participation in financial courses, age, gender, retirement status, mean personal monthly income, and work seniorities impact significantly on overall “retirement planning”, which can predict 37.2% of variables in subjects’ overall “retirement planning”. This indicated that female adults who were 50–64 years of age and retired and who earned high monthly incomes, had at least 25 years of work experience, had participated in financial courses, and preferred a stable “financial attitude” were more active in preparing their retirement plans. According to the aforementioned results, researcher suggests that adults should comprehensively contemplate various aspects of their overall career plans, including various stages of life such as education, employment, marriage, and retirement. They should plan their financial management in advance and adopt robust financial management methods to ensure adequate “retirement planning” and enjoy a wealthy, free retirement life. Moreover, researcher suggests that schools, employers, and relevant governmental departments offer courses for adults to learn financial management and “retirement planning”, helping adults gradually convert their savings to investment incomes. Financial management and “retirement planning” enable carefree, dignified retirement life and allow retirees to pursue active aging, thereby facilitating the stability and harmony of society. Keywords: adult, financial attitude, retirement planning
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