| 摘要: | 目的：本研究主要目的探討田徑中長距離選手在不同訓練階段訓練內容條件下，壓力-恢復狀況之差異，並透過壓力之監控，預防疲勞與過度訓練。方法：本研究為高中田徑中長距離男性運動員49位與女性運動員22位，在七個月的規律訓練量中，以全國中等學校運動會做為主要監控期(準備期、選拔期、賽前期、過渡期各施測一次)，本研究以RESTQ-52 Sport問卷量表方式施測，並在不同階段的負荷量訓練中進行問卷測驗，並觀察選手在不同訓練變化下的壓力和恢復情形。結果：。整體高中田徑中長跑選手在社會壓力與恢復於準備期與選拔期、賽前期、過渡期都達到顯著，而選拔期、賽前期和過度期平均數都高於準備期；在心理壓力與恢復在準備期與選拔期、過渡期都達到顯著，而準備期的壓力與恢復的平均數都高於選拔期與過渡期。結論：整體中長跑運動員在準備期的心理壓力都高於選拔期和過渡期，準備期雖然訓練強度低但訓練負荷量過重且要求學生執行課表確實，使運動員在這階段的心理壓力高於其它訓練階段。在社會壓力上準備期都低於選拔期、賽前期和過渡期，越接近比賽時對於學校、家人和教練的期待下，中長跑運動員在選拔期、賽前期和過渡期容易在社會的期望和自我的期許下造成過多的壓力。透過壓力與恢復的監控，使教練與選手更能掌握過度訓練的問題。
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different training phases on stress and recovery for middle or long-distance runners. By monitoring the stress, its goal was prevent fatigue and overtraining. Method: 49 male and 22 female runners with 7 months regular training were selected as subjects. National High School Athletic Game was taken as the main phase of monitoring (experiments were conducted in preparation phase, selection phase, pre-competition phase and transition phase). RESTQ-52 Sport Questionnaire on different training phases was applied as research tool to monitor the situations for stress and recovery. Result: For High school athletes’ social stress and recovery, there were significant correlation in preparation phase, selection phase, pre-competition phase and transition phase. The average number of selection phase, pre-competition phase and transition phase were higher than preparation phase；For mental stress and recovery, there were significant correlation in preparation phase, selection phase and transition phase. The average number of preparation phase was higher than selection phase and transition phase. Conclusion: The high school middle or long-distance runners' average mental stress and recovery in preparation phase was higher than selection phase and transition phase. In preparation phase, the intensity was low but loading and criteria to reach it was high, which made mental stress the highest. For social stress in preparation phase, it was lower than selection phase, pre-competition phase and transition phase. With the coming of games, mid-distance athletes receive expectations from schools, parents and coaches, which made more stress the in selection phase, pre-competition phase and transition phase. Through monitoring stress and recovery coaches and runners can deal with overtraining. |
