崇拜中的抵抗：美國陰影下的日本職業棒球發展（1934－1949）

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题名:	崇拜中的抵抗：美國陰影下的日本職業棒球發展（1934－1949） Resistance of Worship: The Development of Nippon Professional Baseball under the America’s Shadow(1934－1949)
作者:	劉建偉
贡献者:	史學系
关键词:	棒球明治維新美國職棒大聯盟日本職棒國族認同 Baseball Meiji Restoration Major League Baseball (MLB) Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) National Identity
日期:	2016-06
上传时间:	2016-08-11 14:13:24 (UTC+8)
摘要:	棒球，自十九世紀下半葉開始，經由美國人的船艦傳往世界各地，遠在東方的日本，也同時接受到這個運動。棒球，以「文明」的產物，傳播到日本。這個階段的日本，正值明治維新時期，大量新的知識與科技湧入東亞這座小島，其影響的層面，上至國家、下至民間，不論是政治、社會、文化等，都在這時有了巨大的轉變。雖然說日本在明治初年就傳入棒球這項運動，但是要等到六十年後，才有現在所謂日本職業棒球聯盟（Nippon Professional Baseball、簡稱NPB）的產生，而它的產生，與輸入國美國有很大的關聯性。尤其在二次大戰前後，日本國內的棒球因美國的關係，有了制度與型式上的轉變。等於說，棒球從明治維新時期的傳入，到二次大戰結束的前後，日本與美國，在球場上，存在著密不可分的深層關係。日本自明治維新以後，就與美國產生不可分隔的情結。日本一方面崇拜美國的文化，但又因為戰爭的關係，對美國進行文化抵抗。這樣的矛盾，在戰爭前後是最為明顯。本文便是從日本職棒發展的黎民期，來看日本如何透過棒球來維繫日美關係及表現出不輸給美國的民族意識。 Since the second half of the nineteenth century, the baseball game, a product of civilization, was spread through America to the Japan. In the same time, Japan experienced the Meiji Restoration and accepted lots of new knowledge, technology and science which caused huge changes on Japan’s political, social, and cultural aspects not only in the national level but also in the civil society. Although, the baseball game has been introduced to Japan in the early years of Meiji Restoration, it spent more than sixty years to establish the Nippon Professional Baseball (referred NPB) which was influenced by the United States, the original country of baseball. During the time of World War II, the Japanese baseball had some changes on institution and pattern. In the other words, even though Japan had inseparable relationship with America on the baseball field, however, there was a contradiction between the United States and Japan, who admired American culture but resisted its Culture Hegemony due to the war. This article focuses on the early development of NPB in order to know how it kept the relationship between Japan and America and formated the national consciousness being able to compete with American through the baseball game.
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