本文利用西安市居民收支狀況的調查資料，通過轉移矩陣的方法，研究1990-2013年西安城市居民的收入流動性，分析居民收入流動性的影響因素。研究發現：上世紀90年代以來，西安居民的收入流動性在不斷增強，收入分配不平等狀況不斷改善，長時間上的居民收入流動性優於短時間上的收入流動性，短時間上居民收入流動性差異較大，2000-2013年的收入流動性明顯優於前一時期的收入流動性。年齡和教育水準對城市居民收入的流動性影響十分顯著，性別和戶籍對收入流動性的影響並不明顯。受教育程度與居民收入的向上流動性成正相關關係，受教育程度越高，收入向上流動的可能性越大；而年齡與居民收入的向上流動性成負相關關係，年齡越大，收入向下流動的可能性越大。
This paper uses the survey data of Xi'an residents' income and expenses, through the method of transition matrix to research Xi'an urban residents' income liquidity and analyze influence of residents' income liquidity from 1990 to 2013. The major findings are: since the 1990s, Xi'an residents' income liquidity to be enhanced, the inequality condition of income distribution has also improved; on the residents' income, liquidity is superior to the short-term liquidity for a long time, the income liquidity's difference is bigger in a short time, the income liquidity which from 2000 to 2013 is superior to previous period. Age and education level have a great influence on the urban residents income liquidity, but gender and household are not obvious. The level of education is positively correlated to upward liquidity of income, the higher of educational level, the greater chance to upward liquidity of income; but age is negative correlated to upward liquidity of income, The older you get, the greater the chance of income flow down.
