| 摘要: | 本論文題目:財經新聞記者與消息來源互動關係之研究─以連動債事件為例。以財經新聞記者與消息來源之間有著何種互動關係為主要研究目的，藉以2005年自台灣發行新興投資工具「連動債」相關報導為例，運用深度訪談法及參與觀察法探討財經記者產生新聞前與消息來源之間的微妙互動關係。
2005年在低利率下，台灣財經媒體吹起一陣「定存零利率」風，許多財經媒體在大環境題材下，大肆鼓吹新興投資工具---連動債的「創新獲利以及全球概念」等優點，市場上報導出現眾多好評與讚揚。不料在2007年底出現全球金融風暴，導致投資人之連動債投資部位虧損連連，然而市場上多數的財經報導也從先前的「追進」立場，轉為撻伐與哀悼。從連動債事件可發現，許多財經記者或許對此項商品不甚了解，在深度訪談法及參與觀察法分析下，研究結果如下 :
由於財經證券相關報導有關利益問題，因此影響到財經記者判斷報導有香對關係，在文章或影音輸送下，均可能成為影響企業營收與形象的關鍵，因此容易有餽贈與利益衝突之問題。另外也因為財經領域的消息來源皆為有人事決定權者，因此在未來轉職考量下，記者本身報導的角度有可能出現偏頗、交情越深越容易影響新聞判斷、然而財經記者主要的消息來源並非公關或者高層，而是中層小主管；研究也發現因為媒體環境不景氣，倘若記者與消息來源本身沒有利益問題，但所屬媒體有廣告業務考量，也會影響報導角度，甚至因為財經企業「資本厚」更成為媒體廣告部門不敢得罪對象，因而形成如連動債爭議事件新聞般，廣告主加上媒體配合，失去了新聞真實性及正確揭露，也由此可見台灣媒體在目前環境是無法有效的避免利益問題，本研究也發現，媒體機構越有具體的明確規範，記者越不能刻意利用記者職務去謀取私利。
身為財經記者，許多利益沿伸出的問題更是相較其他線路多，因此在學校所學之新聞及傳播課程，應把金融倫理道德相關列為院校必修課程，加強道德觀念減少以降低目前台灣財經記者與消息來源間的利益衝突可能性；本研究的深度訪談中也發現，置入性行銷及業務新聞成為媒體界生存命脈，記者認知媒體經營艱困，不得不接受業務上的考量，但是財經記者最深層感觸則是媒體接受金援而無法獨立盡到監督責任的事實。
記者雖是一個報導的媒介工具，但對於財經記者而言，金融常識與商品知識也要優於一般民眾；在新聞發生的當下才有判斷的思考價值，扣除掉與新聞消息來源之間的微妙互動或利益關係下，媒體機關應當有更充足的教育資源，請專業的金融機構做職場學分演講或列入財經記者工作表現的考察之一，且除了能掌握新金融商品的主要訊息外，更應該充分了解內容對投資人的影響，做下筆前各項訊息的判斷，孰能掌握各商品投資優劣，避免連動債投資爭議事件等相關過度正面報導的引發後續問題。
The study of the Interactions between the Correspondents of Finance and Economics News And the Sources they get from - the Structure Note Dispute Case study .
As a main study target of what is the interaction relationship between the correspondents of finance and economics news and the sources they get from, giving it an example of the related report concerning the rising investment tool - Structure Note issued by Taiwan in 2005, the financial and economics correspondents make use of in-depth interview and participant observation on a probe into the subtle interaction relationship between that before the news is produced by the correspondents of financial news and that where the news sources come from.
As a result of low interest in Taiwan’s financial market in 2005, it caught on a trend of a fixed deposit with zero-percent interest by finance and economics press of Taiwan. Thus, they advocated vigorously the rising investment tool - Structure Note which had the advantages of innovation profits and global concepts. And also it showed many appreciative criticisms and commendation reported by the markets. But, beyond everyone’s expectation, there came an incident of global financial meltdown, resulting in investors’ great loss of Structure Note investment. Consequently, many reports are from a standpoint of promotion to that of blame and mourning. It was evident from the Structure Note issue that many correspondents of financial and economics may not know exactly about the Structure Note commodity, therefore, they would have analyzed it by in-depth interview and participant observation, and the outcome of the study is as follows:
Owing to interest issues related to the reports of finance, economics stocks and bonds, the correspondents of finance and economics are probably impacted on the judgment of reporting. There might be a key to impact enterprises’ revenues and image through the articles or multiple media, hence, it is easy to have problems about the issues of presenting and interests conflict. In addition, also the information sources of financial and economics are from those who have the right to decide personnel matters. Thus, under the consideration of changing jobs in the future, the correspondents may report unfairly and the more conversant they are with each other, the worse it goes, although the main information sources are not from the publicists or the high level personnel but the medium rank supervisors; the study also shows that because the media environment is in a slump, although there is no interest issues between the information sources and the correspondents, but it comes to have advertisement business for their media company, reporting unfairly will still arise. Furthermore, the enterprise which is upon its abundant capital power become a target that department of media advertisement cannot offend. For this reason, just like the Structure Note news, when advertisers match with media, losing the truthfulness of news. Thus it can be seen that it is not efficacious to avoid interest problems, the study shows as well, the more specific and definite rules for avoiding interest problems that media organization has, the less possibility that the correspondents will exploit their positions to profit for themselves.
There are more interest problems arising when being a correspondent of finance and economics than being others. So, the courses concerning financial ethics standards of behavior should be added into the must-study curriculums of the faculties of Journalism and Communication, enhancing moral consciousness and lowering the possibility of interest conflict between correspondents of finance and economics and information sources they get from; The in-depth interview of the study also shows embedded marketing and business news become a key existence factor of media business. The correspondents are aware of the difficulties of running media business and must accept the reality of the business consideration. But what makes them feel weak is the media accepts the cash aid and cannot do their duties of supervising independently.
Although correspondents are the media tools of reporting, but to a correspondent, the common sense of finance and the knowledge of commodity must be better than ordinary civilians. Only when news occurs, there might be a judgment of value of thinking arising, deducting the subtle interaction relations and the interest relations of where the news sources come from. The media organization should have more sufficient educational sources to invite professional financial organization to give a lecture as job credit or add job performance into one of the inspection items to correspondents. Not only to know well about the major information of financial commodities but also to understand the impact of the information to the investors and make the judgment of all the information before writing them down. And to know about the advantages and disadvantages of every investment commodities, avoid over-reporting and then lead to many negative problems like Structure Note investment dispute. |
