| 摘要: | 英國歷史地理學有一百多年的歷史，19世紀英國對歷史地理學有興趣的學者，主要是歷史學者。19世紀與20世紀之交，具有領導地位的英國地理學者，都或多或少對歷史地理有興趣。20世紀初期，英國經歷一場有關歷史地理學的辯論，到1920年代晚期，現代歷史地理學在英國出現，這一發展主要歸功於包括達比(H. Clifford Darby)、吉爾伯特(Edmund W. Gilbert)、貝克(J. N. L. Baker)、泰勒(Eva G.R. Tay1or)、鮑恩(Emrys G. Bowen)等人的努力，達比的貢獻最大。達比是英國新歷史地理學的倡導人，使新歷史地理學成爲一個自我意識的學科。當時歷史地理學研究強調橫剖面，但是達比也注意垂直的描述方法。1950年代與1960年代早期，是英國歷史地理學整合而不是創新的時期，除了對各種研究方法的整合、分類及澄清，也發展了地理變遷主題院研究。雖然，歷史地理學沒有受到計量革命很大的影響，1960年代末期，英國歷史地理學者開始考慮統計和理論問題，並有人開始將統計方法應用於歷史地理的研究。概言之，歷史地理學在英國大學特別受到重視，是英國大學地理教學的一大特色。國際《歷史地理學報》(Journal of Historical Geography)，1975年在英國問世以來，英國歷史地理學者的貢獻最大，英國是歷史地理學研究的大國。
British historical geography has a long history of at least one hundred years. In 19th century, most British historical geographers were actually historians by training. By the late 19th century and early 20th century, almost all leading British geographers were more or less interested in historical geography. During the early 20th century, the United Kingdom went through a debate on the nature of historical geography. Towards the late l920s, a modem British historical geography emerged, thanks to efforts by a group of scholars including H. Clifford Darby, Edmund W. Gilbert, J.N.L. Baker, Eva G.H. Taylor, Emrys G. Bowen among others. Darby's contributions were the most important. He was the founder of modem British historical geography, and he made it into a self-conscious field of study. Studies of cross sections were emphasized. Darby also stressed methods of vertical description. The 1950s and the early 1960s were a period of consolidation and integration, but not innovation. In addition, classification and clarification of various ideas and methods, studies of geographic changes through time also developed. In late 1960s, British historical geographers, though being relatively untouched by the quantitative revolution, started to apply statistical methods in research. In summary, historical geography in the United Kingdom has received much attention. This is a distinctive characteristic of geographical education in institutions of higher learning in that country. Since the publication of the international Journal of Historical Geography in the United Kingdom, the British historical geographers have made the most contributions in the world. The United Kingdom is a major country of studies in historical geography. |
