高強度間歇訓練對青年田徑選手有氧與無氧能力之影響

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Title:	高強度間歇訓練對青年田徑選手有氧與無氧能力之影響
Authors:	蔡文峰
Contributors:	運動教練研究所
Keywords:	血乳酸心跳率運動休息比
Date:	2010
Issue Date:	2011-11-25 16:23:28 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	目的：本研究目的在探討不同高強度間歇訓練對血乳酸、心跳率、有氧與無氧運動能力及專項運動表現之影響。方法：以16名青年田徑選手，平均年齡16.5 ± 0.81歲，身高174.8 ± 6.43公分，體重63.8 ± 9.04公斤，運動年齡3.3 ± 1.58年。進行四週，每週四次的不同高強度間歇訓練（A組訓練20秒、休息60秒；B組訓練20秒、休息100秒），所有研究者於實驗前、後皆進行有氧與無氧能力測驗，以及30公尺、400公尺及1600公尺之專項測驗，且測量第一週與第四週訓練後安靜、立即與3分鐘後血乳酸平均值及每週心跳率平均值。所得的資料以SPSS18.0獨立樣本t檢定、相依樣本t檢定及混合二因子分析比較，α值設定為.05。研究結果：兩組選手在血乳酸平均值A組顯著優於B組；第一週與第四週平均心跳率皆有降低的情形；有氧能力之最大攝氧量、運動時間及最大心跳率均達顯著差異(p< .05)；無氧運動能力之最高無氧動力、疲勞指數，A組顯著優於B組；運動專項成績表現之30公尺、400公尺及1600公尺三項皆達顯著差異(p< .05)，但A組成績表現優於B組。結論：本研究顯示為期四週高強度間歇訓練以A組訓練20秒、休息60秒，循環六趟的訓練方式，對田徑選手的速度、速耐力、耐乳酸能力、無氧與有氧能力及專項運動能力皆有顯著的提升效果，進而提升運動之表現。關鍵詞：血乳酸、心跳率、運動休息比 Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on blood Lactate(La), heart rate (HR), aerobic and anaerobic ability, and the specific exercise performance in young Track and Field athletes. Method: Completed data were collected from 16 young track-field athletes(mean ± SD: age=16.5 ± 0.81 years, height=174.8 ± 6.43 cm, weight=63.8 ± 9.04 kg, training experience = 3.3 ± 1.58 years) who volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects completed an 4-week intervention period that consisted of performing the high intensity interval training after and before the aerobic and anaerobic tests, meanwhile completing the specific training at 30 meters, 400 meters, and 1600 meters respectively. The subjects performing the training four times a week. Mean value of blood lactate measurements were primarily taken from resting, acute, and 3 minutes after experiment respectively in the first week and the last week. Subjects were also measured for heart rates each week. The data was analyzed by independently sample t-test, paired t-test and mixed design two-way ANOVA. The alpha level for all tests was set a priori at p<.05. Results: No significant difference was found in blood lactate between two groups. Paired t-test indicated a significant difference in the heart rate between the maximum heart rate, the first week and the last week (p<0.05). A significant main effect in the aerobic capacity was evident between VO2max(ml-kg-1．m-1), duration of exercise (minute : second), and maximum heart rate (HR) (p<0.05). Ⅱ Only A group (60 seconds), which the anaerobic capacity in the peak of anaerobic power and fatigue index was significantly different (p <0.05). There were no other significant differences in anaerobic capacity between the peak of anaerobic power (W．Kg-1) , anaerobic power (J．Kg-1) ,the average of anaerobic power (W．Kg-1), and fatigue index(%). The results showed significant in specific exercise performance (at 30 meters, 400-meters, and 1600 meters) between both two groups, but no significant was found at 1600 meters in B group. Conclusion: The findings indicated that based on the high intensity interval training for 4-week period investigated, performing the A group training model (training: 20 seconds, rest: 60 seconds, and 6 bouts) most effectively and significantly improved speed, lactate tolerance ability, speed-endurance, anaerobic and aerobic capacity, as well as specific sport performance for Track-and-Field athletes. Key words: blood Lactate , heart rate , work-relief ratio
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