| 摘要: | 近年來由於都市熱島效應愈趨嚴重，使得都市氣候產生高溫化、乾燥化、日射量減少、雲量增多、霧日增多、降雨量微增、平均風速降低及空氣污染等問題，進而威脅到都市人口生活環境的舒適度。不過都市熱島效應深深受到都市地理特性與都市規模的影響，故無法完全借鏡國外之研究成果用以解釋台灣的熱島效應。本研究鑑於如此，欲建構屬於本土化的熱島研究。
由於都市開發造成都市環境之表面材料導致可感熱隨之增加，已對都市熱環境產生莫大的影響，而前人的研究大多僅探討都市環境特性與氣溫之間的關係，並無針對建築牆面上的各種材質之表面溫度進行研究。故本研究以探討現今都市環境表面溫度與都市熱環境之關係為目的。以台北市為主要觀測基地，於其中選定各式都市環境迥異的街廓進行現地觀測，以移動觀測法調查，並利用紅外線熱顯儀獲得環境表面溫度（牆面、招牌、汽機車、道路等…發熱體），且與現地所測得之氣溫進行夏、冬兩季數據解析，藉以探討環境表面溫度對於台北市都市熱環境之關係，期待未來能作為開發新興社區或老舊社區改造之都市環境設計依據。本研究主要探討以下三項：（1）影響氣溫與表面溫度的因子（2）影響氣溫與表面溫度關係的因子（3）氣溫與樣點屬性的關係，由上述的結果得知，氣溫將會受到氣候、街廓屬性與建物表面材質所影響。而其中以街廓中的日照遮蔭關係與街廓中附加材質（汽機車、雨棚、招牌、鐵窗等…）多寡與氣溫之間的關係更為明顯。故本研究提出下列建議：（1）增加遮蔭面積（2）減少街廓中附加材質（3）增加綠覆率。
In recent years because of worsening urban heat-island effect, causing increased temperature, desiccation, reduced insolation, increased cloud cover, increased foggy days, slight increase of rainfall, lower average wind speed and more serious air pollution in the urban environment, posing a threat to urban life comfort. Because geographical characteristics and urban scale affects the urban heat-island effect, results from foreign research cannot be directly applied to the heat-island effect in Taiwan.
The change in urban surface fabric with urban development has lead to increased sensible heat, causing a strong impact on the urban thermal environment. Most previous studies only explore the relationship between the urban environment attributes and air temperature. In this study, the relationship between the surface-temperature in the urban environment and the urban thermal environment is studied, using Taipei City as the main observation base. We selected different urban environments to conduct surveys, and used motorcycles to obtain mobile measurements of air temperature and an infrared sensor to obtain environmental surface-temperature (walls, signs, cars, motorcycles, roads, etc.). Measurements were taken in summer and winter, to explore the relationship between urban environment surface-temperature and urban thermal environment. Statistical methods were then used to set up a model describing the relationship between urban environmental factors, environmental surface-temperature and air temperature, which can then be incorporated into urban environmental design criteria for new and old communities. This study focused on three: (1) The factor affect the temperature and surface temperature. (2) The factor affect the relationship between temperature and surface temperature. (3) The relationship between temperature and street blocks attributes. From the above results. Temperatures will be affected by climate, street blocks attributes and buildings surface material. The relationship with Sun shade and the amount of additional material between temperature is more obvious. This study proposes the following recommendations: (1) Increase shade area. (2) Reduce additional material in the street blocks. (3) Increase the green cover rate. |
