安史亂後宮廷宴饗俗樂之流變

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Title:	安史亂後宮廷宴饗俗樂之流變
Authors:	黃春興
Contributors:	史學系
Keywords:	俗樂新俗樂
Date:	2010
Issue Date:	2011-10-20 13:18:54 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	摘要安史之亂，不但是唐朝政治與經濟由盛而衰的轉折點，亦是宮廷宴饗俗樂轉變的關鍵點。當大部分學者著重於盛唐音樂之多部樂樂舞、機構、器樂等相關論題研究之際，盛唐之後音樂發展則鮮少論及。安史之亂致使唐廷政治經濟等方面的衰落，延伸所及，導致樂風加速地轉向胡、俗樂交融後所產生之「新俗樂」一元化發展。本文乃著重安史亂後宮廷宴饗俗樂在發展上之專研論題。並針對安史亂後唐廷宴饗俗樂在宮廷及民間之演化與變革上探究其竟，整理及探討此階段失佚記述之樂篇。首先以安史亂前宮廷宴饗俗樂及其中所涵蓋「新俗樂」之形成背景與演進作論述。繼以對安史亂後宮廷宴饗俗樂在宮廷及民間所產生之變革加以研探。尤其安史之亂的爆發，唐廷的政治動盪與財政困境，以致無力完全供養這些原先盛唐宴饗樂舞之制的演出。因此，「梨園」、「教坊」等宮廷音樂機構隨之遭到裁撤、減樂之措施，大多數的樂工、樂妓因逃難或遭到罷遣而流落於民間，並以獻藝維生。同時，亦將原先在「梨園」、「教坊」的高超演出技藝帶入民間，促進了民間音樂的發展。當時「妓館」、「戲館」等因安史亂後區域性經濟城市的興起而紛紛林立，成為中晚唐時期音樂發展的新據點。綜觀安史亂後唐廷宴饗俗樂發展之情況，以整體層面的觀點而論，並非僅止於論述安史之亂而趨向衰微，而更值得探討的是宮廷宴饗俗樂之轉向發展，以及藉由「新俗樂」-概念性之名詞，來探討及論述有關此時期中國樂風轉化而趨向一元化發展，促使中國音樂樂風起了脫胎換骨之效，其深具研究與探討之意義，並期為安史亂後音樂發展作歷史定位。 Abstract As one of the most important events in history, An Lushan and Shih Sze-ming Rebellion is seen not only as the turning point which started the whole process of decline in the political and economic courses of Tang Dynasty from its golden age, but also seen as the key point in the transition of feasts and folk music in the palace of Tang Dynasty. While most scholars tend to emphasize relevant topics such as multi-part music dance, institutions and instrumental music in the golden age of Tang Dynasty, music development after that was rarely talk about. The decadence in the political and economic development of Tang Dynasty caused by An Lushan and Shih Sze-ming Rebellion had so generally spread that it resulted in the centralized development of “New Folk Music” in music style after the integration of Hu music and Folk music of Tang Dynasty. A monographic study on the development of feasts and folk music in the palace of Tang Dynasty after An Lushan and Shih Sze-ming Rebellion is emphasized in the essay. In the light of the reological and transformation of feasts and folk music both in the palace and among the people in Tang Dynasty after An Lushan and Shih Sze-ming Rebellion, the music texts which had been literally lost in this stage are systemized and discussed. Firstly, the feasts and folk music in the palace of Tang Dynasty before An Lushan and Shih Sze-ming Rebellion and the background and evolution of “New Folk Music” encompassed in that are fully discussed; then the transformation of feasts and folk music both in the palace and among the people in Tang Dynasty after An Lushan and Shih Sze-ming Rebellion is studied in detail. The occurrence of An Lushan and Shih Sze-ming Rebellion and the thereafter political disorder and financial strait had become so serious and involved that the performance of these feasts and folk music former golden Tang Dynasty was becoming unbearable and unaffordable. Therefore, palace music institutions like “Pears Orchards” and “Imperial Music Institution” were either dissolved or cut down; most of those musicians and female musician led a wandering life in poverty depending on exhibiting music and dancing skills among the people as a result of refuge or dismissal. Meanwhile, those fine and excellent performance skills were brought to the folk, which had further resulted in the development of folk music. “Female Musician House” and “Theatre” emerged with the springing up of those regional economic cities after An Lushan and Shih Sze-ming Rebellion, turning into the new strongholds of music development in the middle and later stages of Tang Dynasty. After conducting a comprehensive survey on feasts and folk music in the palace of Tang Dynasty after An Lushan and Shih Sze-ming Rebellion, generally and integrally speaking, the discussion does not stop at the point of the decline after An Lushan and Shih Sze-ming Rebellion; what’s more important is to fully discuss the evolution and transformation of feasts and folk music and expound the centralized development of music style in this stage by means of the new concept “ New Folk Music ”, which had thoroughly remolded the appearance of music style in ancient China and the research and discussion of which might finally position the historical role of music development after An Lushan and Shih Sze-ming Rebellion.
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